Linked references
1340 unique linked references across the library. Search a title, identifier or compound. A reference may concern a component or related molecule; follow the profile for context.
(-)-1-(Benzofuran-2-yl)-2-propylaminopentane enhances locomotor activity in rats due to its ability to induce dopamine release. ↗
(-)1-(Benzofuran-2-yl)-2-propylaminopentane, [(-)BPAP], a selective enhancer of the impulse propagation mediated release of catecholamines and serotonin in the brain. ↗
(17α,20E)-17,20-[(1-methoxyethylidene)bis(oxy)]-3-oxo-19-norpregna-4,20-diene-21-carboxylic acid methyl ester (YK11) is a partial agonist of the androgen receptor. ↗
(S)-Oxiracetam is the Active Ingredient in Oxiracetam that Alleviates the Cognitive Impairment Induced by Chronic Cerebral Hypoperfusion in Rats. ↗
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3-(2,2,2-Trimethylhydrazinium)propionate (THP): a novel gamma-butyrobetaine hydroxylase inhibitor with cardioprotective properties. ↗
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5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside. A specific method for activating AMP-activated protein kinase in intact cells? ↗
5-phenyl-2-cyclopropylamino-4-oxazolinone: US3609159A ↗
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9-Methyl-beta-carboline has restorative effects in an animal model of Parkinson's disease. ↗
9-Methyl-beta-carboline up-regulates the appearance of differentiated dopaminergic neurones in primary mesencephalic culture. ↗
9-Methyl-β-carboline inhibits monoamine oxidase activity and stimulates the expression of neurotrophic factors by astrocytes. ↗
9-Methyl-β-carboline-induced cognitive enhancement is associated with elevated hippocampal dopamine levels and dendritic and synaptic proliferation. ↗
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[Antioxidant properties of 3-oxypyridine analogues: mexidol, emoxipin, proxipin]. ↗
[Comparative evaluation of the neuroprotective activity of phenotropil and piracetam in laboratory animals with experimental cerebral ischemia]. ↗
[Noopept in the treatment of mild cognitive impairment in patients with stroke]. ↗
[Results of the international multicenter randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial for the evaluation of the efficacy and safety of the sequential therapy with ethylmethylhydroxypyridine succinate in patients in the acute and early recovery periods of ischemic stroke (MIR)]. ↗
[The effect of Mexidol on cerebral mitochondriogenesis at a young age and during aging]. ↗
[The efficacy of add-on treatment with phenotropil in adult patients with locally-induced epilepsy]. ↗
A comprehensive multiomics approach toward understanding the relationship between aging and dementia. ↗
A double-blind randomized controlled trial of N-acetylcysteine in cannabis-dependent adolescents. ↗
A First-in-Human Phase 1 Study of a Novel Selective Androgen Receptor Modulator (SARM), RAD140, in ER+/HER2- Metastatic Breast Cancer. ↗
A gene expression signature of emphysema-related lung destruction and its reversal by the tripeptide GHK. ↗
A gut bacterial pathway metabolizes aromatic amino acids into nine circulating metabolites. ↗
A high-affinity subtype-selective agonist ligand for the thyroid hormone receptor ↗
A novel 77-residue peptide from porcine brain contains a leucine-zipper motif and is recognized by an antiserum to delta-sleep-inducing peptide. ↗
A novel endogenous indole protects rodent mitochondria and extends rotifer lifespan. ↗
A novel neurotrophic drug for cognitive enhancement and Alzheimer's disease. ↗
A Phase 1B, randomized, double blind, placebo controlled ... study of NSI-189 phosphate, a neurogenic compound, in depressed patients. ↗
A Phase 2 Randomized Trial of Survodutide in MASH and Fibrosis ↗
A phase 2, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of NSI-189 phosphate, a neurogenic compound, among outpatients with major depressive disorder. ↗
A pro-diabetogenic mtDNA polymorphism in the mitochondrial-derived peptide, MOTS-c. ↗
A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of tropisetron in patients with schizophrenia. ↗
A randomized Phase 2 study to evaluate the orexin-2 receptor antagonist seltorexant in individuals with insomnia without psychiatric comorbidity. ↗
A randomized placebo-controlled trial of N-acetylcysteine for cannabis use disorder in adults. ↗
A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Double-Blind Efficacy Study of Nefiracetam to Treat Poststroke Apathy. ↗
A registered replication study on oxytocin and trust. ↗
A rescue factor abolishing neuronal cell death by a wide spectrum of familial Alzheimer's disease genes and Abeta. ↗
A role for kisspeptins in the regulation of gonadotropin secretion in the mouse. ↗
A selective peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta agonist promotes reverse cholesterol transport. ↗
A semi-automated hybrid HPLC-MS approach for in-depth characterization of intact non-covalent heterodimer glycoforms of gonadotropin biopharmaceuticals. ↗
A Study of Fasoracetam's Solid State Forms: A Potential Anti-Alzheimer Pharmaceutical. ↗
A subcutaneous adipose tissue-liver signalling axis controls hepatic gluconeogenesis. ↗
A Synthetic ERR Agonist Alleviates Metabolic Syndrome. ↗
A synthetic hexapeptide (Argireline) with antiwrinkle activity. ↗
A tryptamine-derived catecholaminergic enhancer, (-)-1-(benzofuran-2-yl)-2-propylaminopentane [(-)-BPAP], attenuates reinstatement of methamphetamine-seeking behavior in rats. ↗
Abou Khouzam et al., 2026 ↗
Acadesine for patients with relapsed/refractory chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL): a multicenter phase I/II study. ↗
Acetic acid: PubChem CID 176 ↗
Acetyl-L-carnitine in a placebo-controlled Alzheimer’s study ↗
Activation of human brown adipose tissue by a β3-adrenergic receptor agonist. ↗
Activation of nuclear hormone receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-delta accelerates intestinal adenoma growth. ↗
Activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta induces fatty acid beta-oxidation in skeletal muscle and attenuates metabolic syndrome. ↗
Activity of putative cognition enhancers in kynurenate test performed with human neocortex slices. ↗
Acute hepatitis associated with the Chinese herbal product jin bu huan. ↗
Administration of a soluble activin type IIB receptor promotes skeletal muscle growth independent of fiber type. ↗
Adrafinil disrupts performance on a delayed nonmatching-to-position task in aged beagle dogs. ↗
Adunsky et al., 2011 ↗
Advances in the detection of growth hormone releasing hormone synthetic analogs. ↗
AEDG Peptide (Epitalon) Stimulates Gene Expression and Protein Synthesis during Neurogenesis: Possible Epigenetic Mechanism. ↗
Afamelanotide: PubChem CID 16197727 ↗
Age-associated changes in oxidative stress and NAD+ metabolism in human tissue. ↗
Agha et al., 2022 ↗
Ahmed and Oswald, 2010 ↗
Akar et al., 2021 ↗
Al Hajeri and Fedorowicz, 2016 ↗
Alba M, et al. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2006 ↗
Albuterol sulfate inhalation aerosol: prescribing information ↗
Aldini et al., 2018 ↗
Alexandre et al., 2016 ↗
Alexandrova et al., 2026 ↗
Allen and Bradley, 2011 ↗
Alternative mitochondrial electron transfer as a novel strategy for neuroprotection. ↗
Alvarez et al., 2006 ↗
Amador et al., 2018 ↗
Amelioration of Both Central and Peripheral Neuropathy in Mouse Models of Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes by the Neurogenic Molecule NSI-189. ↗
Amino acids and Cardiogen in myocardial tissue cultures from young and old rats ↗
AMP-activated protein kinase-independent inhibition of hepatic mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation by AICA riboside. ↗
AMPA-receptor activation is involved in the antiamnesic effect of DM 232 (unifiram) and DM 235 (sunifiram). ↗
Ampasse in chronic cerebrovascular disorders: randomized placebo-controlled trial ↗
AMPK and PPARdelta agonists are exercise mimetics. ↗
An effect on the subjective sexual response in premenopausal women with sexual arousal disorder by bremelanotide (PT-141), a melanocortin receptor agonist. ↗
An et al., 2026 ↗
Analysis and Identification of In Vitro Metabolites of Exercise Mimetic SLU-PP-332 ERRalpha/beta/gamma Agonist for Doping-Control Purposes. ↗
Andreeva et al., 2000 ↗
Angelis et al., 2026 ↗
AngIV-Analog Dihexa Rescues Cognitive Impairment and Recovers Memory in the APP/PS1 Mouse via the PI3K/AKT Signaling Pathway. ↗
Aniracetam (Ro 13-5057) in the treatment of senile dementia of Alzheimer type (SDAT): results of a placebo controlled multicentre clinical study. ↗
Aniracetam does not alter cognitive and affective behavior in adult C57BL/6J mice. ↗
Anisimov et al., 2000 ↗
Anisimov et al., 2002 ↗
Anti-parkinsonian activity of the adenosine A2A receptor antagonist/inverse agonist KW-6356 as monotherapy in MPTP-treated common marmosets. ↗
Antiinflammatory activity of a COOH-terminal fragment of the neuropeptide alpha-MSH. ↗
Antimicrobial effects of alpha-MSH peptides. ↗
Antimicrobial preservative use in parenteral products: past and present. ↗
Antioxidants accelerate lung cancer progression in mice. ↗
Antipsychotic-like effects of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor modulator neboglamine: an immunohistochemical and behavioural study in the rat. ↗
Anxiolytic effects of aniracetam in three different mouse models of anxiety and the underlying mechanism. ↗
AOD-9604 does not influence the WADA hGH isoform immunoassay. ↗
ARA 290 and small-nerve-fiber loss in sarcoidosis ↗
ARA 290 in sarcoidosis-associated small-fiber neuropathy: randomized pilot study ↗
Arion et al., 1997 ↗
ASCOR ascorbic acid: prescribing information ↗
Ascorbic acid and procollagen in human fibroblasts ↗
Ashmarin et al., 2005 ↗
Astrup et al., 2008 ↗
Astrup et al., 2013 ↗
Aton et al., 2005 ↗
Attie KM, et al. Phase 1 study of single ascending amounts of ACE-031 in healthy volunteers. Muscle Nerve. 2013 ↗
Baazaoui and Iqbal, 2017a ↗
Baazaoui and Iqbal, 2017b ↗
Bach and Dardenne, 1989 ↗
Badenhorst et al., 2016 ↗
Bagwe Parab and Kaur, 2025 ↗
Bai et al., 2011 ↗
Balligand et al., 2023 ↗
Banks et al., 1986 ↗
Barbara et al., 2020 ↗
Baskin et al., 2018 ↗
Bateman et al., 2023 ↗
Bello and Zahner, 2009 ↗
Belozertseva et al., 2016 ↗
Bentzen et al., 2013 ↗
Benzyl alcohol exacerbates freeze-thaw-induced aggregation of trastuzumab: elucidating mechanisms and formulation implications for clinical practice. ↗
Berger et al., 2002 ↗
Berger et al., 2005 ↗
Bialek et al., 2014 ↗
Bilban et al., 2004 ↗
Billiard and Broughton, 2018 ↗
Billon et al., 2026 ↗
Biolo A, et al. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2009 ↗
Biological activities of a novel selective oestrogen receptor modulator derived from raloxifene (Y134) ↗
Bisi et al., 1999 ↗
Biçer O, et al. Jt Dis Relat Surg. 2026 ↗
Bladder drug mirabegron exacerbates atherosclerosis through activation of brown fat-mediated lipolysis. ↗
Blockade of ActRIIB signaling triggers muscle fatigability and metabolic myopathy. ↗
BMJ correction, 2025 ↗
Bobkov et al., 1983 ↗
Bock-Marquette et al., 2004 ↗
Bodzioch et al., 2009 ↗
Boiko et al., 2024 ↗
Bond et al., 2025 ↗
Bongers J, et al. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1992 ↗
Bowe et al., 2009 ↗
Boyko et al., 2018 ↗
Bradley et al., 1986 ↗
Brain-gut Axis and Pentadecapeptide BPC 157: Theoretical and Practical Implications. ↗
Breindahl et al., 2015 ↗
Bremelanotide for the Treatment of Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder: Two Randomized Phase 3 Trials. ↗
Bremelanotide: First Approval. ↗
Brigelius-Flohé and Maiorino, 2013 ↗
Bright and Thorner, 2022 ↗
Brooks et al., 2019 ↗
Brown et al., 2023 ↗
Brzoska et al., 2008 ↗
Bugaeva et al., 1999 ↗
Cadena et al., 2026 ↗
Cakarer et al., 2010 ↗
Callahan et al., 2017 ↗
Callaway et al., 2004 ↗
Campbell et al., 1994 ↗
Campàs et al., 2003 ↗
Caputi et al., 2019 ↗
Carboxylic Acid Derivatives of Amlexanox Display Enhanced Potency toward TBK1 and IKKε and Reveal Mechanisms for Selective Inhibition. ↗
Carney DH, Olszewska-Pazdrak B. Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2008 ↗
Casarini et al., 2012 ↗
CD36 mediates the cardiovascular action of growth hormone-releasing peptides in the heart. ↗
CD38 Dictates Age-Related NAD Decline and Mitochondrial Dysfunction through an SIRT3-Dependent Mechanism. ↗
Cell-permeable peptide antioxidants targeted to inner mitochondrial membrane inhibit mitochondrial swelling, oxidative cell death, and reperfusion injury. ↗
Cell-permeable, mitochondrial-targeted, peptide antioxidants. ↗
Cellular mechanism of action of cognitive enhancers: effects of nefiracetam on neuronal Ca2+ channels. ↗
Central nervous system effects of TAK-653, an investigational alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole receptor (AMPAR) positive allosteric modulator in healthy volunteers. ↗
Cerebrolysin and Recovery After Stroke (CARS): A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Double-Blind, Multicenter Trial. ↗
Cerebrolysin for acute ischaemic stroke. ↗
Cerebrolysin for vascular dementia. ↗
Cerebrolysin in patients with acute ischemic stroke in Asia: results of a double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized trial. ↗
Chalisova et al., 2000 ↗
Chalisova et al., 2015 ↗
Chan et al., 2011 ↗
Chang et al., 2011 ↗
Chao-Wu et al., 2011 ↗
Chapman et al., 1996 ↗
Characterization of a delta-electroencephalogram (-sleep)-inducing peptide. ↗
Characterization of a non-approved selective androgen receptor modulator drug candidate sold via the Internet and identification of in vitro generated phase-I metabolites for human sports drug testing. ↗
Characterization of a novel putative cognition enhancer mediating facilitation of glycine effect on strychnine-resistant sites coupled to NMDA receptor complex. ↗
Characterization of JNJ-42847922, a Selective Orexin-2 Receptor Antagonist, as a Clinical Candidate ... ↗
Characterization of the ligand binding functionality of the extracellular domain of activin receptor type IIb. ↗
Characterization of two major urinary metabolites of the PPARdelta-agonist GW1516 and implementation of the drug in routine doping controls. ↗
Chattopadhyay et al., 2019 ↗
Chaudhury et al., 2003 ↗
Chemical Composition and Labeling of Substances Marketed as Selective Androgen Receptor Modulators and Sold via the Internet. ↗
Chen et al., 2025 ↗
Cheng K, et al. Endocrinology. 1989 ↗
CJC-1295 No DAC, CJC-1295 No DAC & Ipamorelin, Ipamorelin, Tesamorelin & Ipamorelin
Chiao et al., 2020 ↗
Chiruta et al., 2013 ↗
Christiansen et al., 2020 ↗
Christoffersen et al., 1998 ↗
Chyan et al., 1999 ↗
Citicoline in the COBRIT randomized trial ↗
Clement et al., 2019 ↗
Clenbuterol toxicity: a NSW poisons information centre experience. ↗
Clenbuterol-induced fiber type transition in the soleus of adult rats. ↗
Clinical and pharmacological profile in a clenbuterol epidemic poisoning of contaminated beef meat in Italy. ↗
Cloning and characterization of an IGF-1 isoform expressed in skeletal muscle subjected to stretch. ↗
CMS121 inhibits fatty acid synthase and reduces pathology in an Alzheimer's mouse model ↗
CMS121 phase 1 safety, pharmacokinetics and cardiodynamics in healthy volunteers ↗
Coadministered Cagrilintide and Semaglutide in Adults with Overweight or Obesity ↗
Cobb et al., 2016 ↗
Codner et al., 2001 ↗
Coenzyme Q10: PubChem CID 5281915 ↗
Cold exposure induces the constitutively active thermogenic receptor, GPR3, via ERRalpha and ERRgamma. ↗
Cole, 2010 ↗
Comparative analysis of the anxiolytic effects of 3-hydroxypyridine and succinic acid derivatives. ↗
Comparative pharmacological activity of optical isomers of phenibut. ↗
Comparative study of immunomodulatory activity of peptides, tinrostim and thymalin. ↗
Comparison of the Effects of KE and AED Peptides on Functional Activity of Human Skin Fibroblasts during Their Replicative Aging. ↗
Comparison of the Pharmacological Effects of Dimeric Dipeptide Nerve Growth Factor Mimetic GK-2 and Mexidol on the Model of Ischemic Stroke in Rats. ↗
Concerning the stability of benzyl alcohol: formation of benzaldehyde dibenzyl acetal under aerobic conditions. ↗
Conley et al., 1998 ↗
Conte et al., 2019 ↗
Copper complexes of glycyl-histidyl-lysine and two of its synthetic analogues: chemical behaviour and biological activity. ↗
Cosmeceutical Peptides in the Framework of Sustainable Wellness Economy. ↗
Covarrubias et al., 2021 ↗
CR 2249: a new putative memory enhancer. Behavioural studies on learning and memory in rats and mice. ↗
Crawford et al., 2016 ↗
Crespi, 2002 ↗
Crystal structure of human chorionic gonadotropin. ↗
Cu(II) Binding to the Peptide Ala-His-His, a Chimera of the Canonical Cu(II)-Binding Motifs Xxx-His and Xxx-Zzz-His. ↗
Cutler et al., 2022 ↗
DA Acetic Acid 0.6% catalog record ↗
Dahleh et al., 2023 ↗
Dahleh et al., 2024 ↗
Dalle-Donne et al., 2009 ↗
Dalmasso G, et al. Gastroenterology. 2008 ↗
Dalton et al., 2011 ↗
Dang et al., 2024 ↗
Dao et al., 2026 ↗
Dardenne et al., 1985 ↗
Das et al., 2019 ↗
Das et al., 2022 ↗
Daugherty et al., 2018 ↗
De Crescenzo et al., 2022 ↗
de Roux et al., 2003 ↗
Decramer et al., 2005 ↗
Deficiency of intestinal Bmal1 prevents obesity induced by high-fat feeding. ↗
Degradation and aggregation of delta sleep-inducing peptide (DSIP) and two analogs in plasma and serum. ↗
Dehvari et al., 2020 ↗
Dekundy et al., 2015 ↗
Delcourt et al., 2023 ↗
Delta sleep-inducing peptide (DSIP): a still unresolved riddle. ↗
Delta sleep-inducing peptide alters bispectral index, the electroencephalogram and heart rate variability when used as an adjunct to isoflurane anaesthesia. ↗
Delta sleep-inducing peptide crosses the blood-brain-barrier in dogs: some correlations with protein binding. ↗
Demers et al., 2004 ↗
Denes et al., 2006 ↗
Deng et al., 2011 ↗
Denofrio et al., 2020 ↗
Derkach et al., 2010 ↗
Design and biological activities of L-163,191 (MK-0677): a potent, orally active growth hormone secretagogue. ↗
Design and synthesis of cholecystokinin-4 dipeptide analogues with anxiolytic and anxiogenic activities. ↗
Design, Synthesis, and Preclinical Characterization of the Selective Androgen Receptor Modulator (SARM) RAD140. ↗
Detection and in vitro metabolism of AOD9604. ↗
Detection and in vitro metabolism of the confiscated peptides BPC 157 and MGF R23H. ↗
Detection of LongR3-IGF-I, Des(1-3)-IGF-I, and R3-IGF-I using immunopurification and high resolution mass spectrometry for antidoping purposes. ↗
Determination of ¹³C/¹² C ratios of endogenous urinary 5-amino-imidazole-4-carboxamide 1β-D-ribofuranoside (AICAR). ↗
Development & validation of LC-MS/MS assay for 5-amino-1-methyl quinolinium in rat plasma: Application to pharmacokinetic and oral bioavailability studies. ↗
Development and pharmacological evaluation of a new chemical series of potent pan-ERR agonists, identification of SLU-PP-915. ↗
Development and Validation of an Analytical Method to Identify and Quantitate Novel Modafinil Analogs in Products Marketed as Dietary Supplements. ↗
Development of a mass spectrometry based detection method for the mitochondrion-derived peptide MOTS-c in plasma samples for doping control purposes. ↗
Development of an enzyme immunoassay for delta sleep-inducing peptide (DSIP) and its use in the determination of the metabolic clearance rate of DSIP administered to dogs. ↗
Devlikamova and Safina, 2025 ↗
Dhillo et al., 2005 ↗
Dhillon, 2011 ↗
Di Nicola et al., 2026 ↗
Dietary choline depletion in human volunteers ↗
Different roles of the IGF-I Ec peptide (MGF) and mature IGF-I in myoblast proliferation and differentiation. ↗
Differential effects of isomers of clomiphene citrate on reproductive tissues in male mice. ↗
Differential responses of estrogen target tissues in rats including bone to clomiphene, enclomiphene, and zuclomiphene. ↗
Differentiating fenbendazole-induced liver injury from immunotherapy hepatitis ↗
Differentiation characteristics of circulating and bone marrow hematopoietic stem cells and the effect of thymus factors. ↗
Diisopropylamine dichloroacetate, a novel pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 inhibitor, as a potential therapeutic agent for metabolic disorders and multiorgan failure in severe influenza. ↗
Dimet-Wiley AL, et al. Sci Rep. 2024 ↗
Dimet-Wiley et al., 2022 ↗
Direct comparison of the effects of intravenous kisspeptin-10, kisspeptin-54 and GnRH on gonadotrophin secretion in healthy men. ↗
Discovery, Optimization, and Biological Evaluation of Sulfonamidoacetamides as an Inducer of Axon Regeneration ↗
Disease modifying effect of chronic oral treatment with a neurotrophic peptidergic compound in a triple transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. ↗
Dissection of the anti-inflammatory effect of the core and C-terminal (KPV) alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone peptides. ↗
Distinct structural mechanisms for inhibition of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase isoforms by AZD7545, dichloroacetate, and radicicol. ↗
Dixon et al., 2012 ↗
Dluzniewska et al., 2005 ↗
DM235 (sunifiram): a novel nootropic with potential as a cognitive enhancer. ↗
DMAA and caffeine effects on heart rate and blood pressure ↗
Dmitrieva et al., 2010 ↗
Dominikowski A, et al. Front Endocrinol. 2026 ↗
CJC-1295 No DAC, CJC-1295 No DAC & Ipamorelin, HGH Fragment 176-191, PEG-MGF
Doppler et al., 2008 ↗
Dosanjh and Won, 2020 ↗
Double-blind randomized treatment of poststroke depression using nefiracetam. ↗
Drug-Induced Liver Injury From Enobosarm (Ostarine), a Selective Androgen Receptor Modulator. ↗
Du et al., 2022 ↗
du Vigneaud et al., 1953 ↗
Duan et al., 2021 ↗
Duarte et al., 2010 ↗
Duc et al., 2026 ↗
Duteil et al., 1979 ↗
Dzerve et al., 2011 ↗
Early neurotrophic pharmacotherapy rescues developmental delay and Alzheimer's-like memory deficits in the Ts65Dn mouse model of Down syndrome. ↗
Effect of (R)-2-(2-aminothiazol-4-yl)-4'-{2-[(2-hydroxy-2-phenylethyl)amino]ethyl} acetanilide (YM178), a novel selective beta3-adrenoceptor agonist, on bladder function. ↗
Effect of a novel cognition enhancer NS-105 on learned helplessness in rats: possible involvement of GABA(B) receptor up-regulation after repeated treatment. ↗
Effect of a synthetic pineal tetrapeptide (Ala-Glu-Asp-Gly) on melatonin secretion by the pineal gland of young and old rats. ↗
Effect of adenosine-regulating agent acadesine on morbidity and mortality associated with coronary artery bypass grafting: the RED-CABG randomized controlled trial. ↗
Effect of alpha-MSH 11-13 (lysine-proline-valine) on fever in the rabbit. ↗
Effect of an antilipogenic fragment of human growth hormone on glucose transport in rat adipocytes. ↗
Effect of C-terminal chain shortening on the insulin-antagonistic activity of human growth hormone 177--191. ↗
Effect of delta sleep inducing peptide (DSIP) and arginine vasotocin (AVT) on sleep and motor activity in the rat. ↗
Effect of Epitalon on biomarkers of aging, life span and spontaneous tumor incidence in female Swiss-derived SHR mice. ↗
Effect of epitalon on the lifespan increase in Drosophila melanogaster. ↗
Effect of oral administration of nicotinamide mononucleotide on clinical parameters and nicotinamide metabolite levels in healthy Japanese men. ↗
Effect of Selank on Spontaneous Synaptic Activity of Rat Hippocampal CA1 Neurons. ↗
Effect of short peptides on expression of signaling molecules in organotypic pineal cell culture. ↗
Effect of synthetic C-terminal fragments of hGH on insulin release by isolated islets. ↗
Effect of tesamorelin on visceral fat and liver fat in HIV-infected patients with abdominal fat accumulation: a randomized clinical trial. ↗
Effect of tesofensine on bodyweight loss, body composition, and quality of life in obese patients: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. ↗
Effect of thymus polypeptide fractions on the development of rat thymus and spleen in organ culture. ↗
Effectiveness of piracetam in cortical myoclonus. ↗
Effects of a ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) small-molecule peptide mimetic in an in vitro and in vivo model of CDKL5 deficiency disorder. ↗
Effects of a growth hormone-releasing hormone analog on endogenous GH pulsatility and insulin sensitivity in healthy men. ↗
Effects of acadesine on myocardial infarction, stroke, and death following surgery. A meta-analysis of the 5 international randomized trials. ↗
Effects of an Angiotensin IV Analog on 3-Nitropropionic Acid-Induced Huntington's Disease-Like Symptoms in Rats. ↗
Effects of an oral ghrelin mimetic on body composition and clinical outcomes in healthy older adults: a randomized trial. ↗
Effects of benzyl alcohol on aggregation of recombinant human interleukin-1-receptor antagonist in reconstituted lyophilized formulations. ↗
Effects of chronic administration of SGS-111 during adulthood and during the pre- and post-natal periods on the cognitive deficits of Ts65Dn mice, a model of Down syndrome. ↗
Effects of delta sleep-inducing peptide on sleep of chronic insomniac patients. A double-blind study. ↗
Effects of diisopropylamine dichloroacetate on proliferation and differentiation of normal human keratinocytes in vitro. ↗
Effects of enobosarm on muscle wasting and physical function in patients with cancer: a double-blind, randomised controlled phase 2 trial. ↗
Effects of GHRP-2 and hexarelin, two synthetic GH-releasing peptides, on GH, prolactin, ACTH and cortisol levels in man. Comparison with the effects of GHRH, TRH and hCRH. ↗
Effects of growth hormone-releasing hormone on cognitive function in adults with mild cognitive impairment and healthy older adults: results of a controlled trial. ↗
Effects of insulin and LongR(3) on serum-free Chinese hamster ovary cell cultures expressing two recombinant proteins. ↗
Effects of interactions between IGFBPs and IGFs on the plasma clearance and in vivo biological activities of IGFs and IGF analogs. ↗
Effects of ligandrol as a selective androgen receptor modulator in a rat model for osteoporosis. ↗
Effects of melanocortin peptides on lipopolysaccharide/interferon-gamma-induced NF-kappaB DNA binding and nitric oxide production in macrophage-like RAW 264.7 cells: evidence for dual mechanisms of action. ↗
Effects of N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-2-(2-oxo-1-pyrrolidinyl)acetamide (DM-9384) on learning and memory in rats. ↗
Effects of oral administration of a synthetic fragment of human growth hormone on lipid metabolism. ↗
Effects of piracetam on membrane fluidity in the aged mouse, rat, and human brain. ↗
Effects of Selank on behavioral reactions and activities of plasma enkephalin-degrading enzymes in mice with different phenotypes of emotional and stress reactions. ↗
Effects of tesamorelin on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in HIV: a randomised, double-blind, multicentre trial. ↗
Effects of the COOH-terminal tripeptide alpha-MSH(11-13) on corneal epithelial wound healing: role of nitric oxide. ↗
Effects of the novel compound aniracetam (Ro 13-5057) upon impaired learning and memory in rodents. ↗
Effects of the selective AMPA modulator NBI-1065845 on the pharmacokinetics of midazolam or ethinyl estradiol-levonorgestrel in healthy adults. ↗
Efficacy and safety of L-oxiracetam on cognitive function in patients with traumatic brain injury: a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, phase 3 clinical trial. ↗
Efficacy and safety of mildronate for acute ischemic stroke: a randomized, double-blind, active-controlled phase II multicenter trial. ↗
Efficacy and Safety of Seltorexant as Adjunctive Therapy in Major Depressive Disorder: A Phase 2b, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled ... Study. ↗
Efficacy and Safety of Seltorexant in Insomnia Disorder: A Randomized Clinical Trial. ↗
Efficacy and safety of tau-aggregation inhibitor therapy in patients with mild or moderate Alzheimer's disease: a randomised, controlled, double-blind, parallel-arm, phase 3 trial. ↗
Efficacy of bioactive peptides loaded on hyaluronic acid microneedle patches: A monocentric clinical study. ↗
Elliott et al., 2004 ↗
Eloralintide for obesity: a 48-week randomized phase 2 trial ↗
Emerging Use of BPC-157 in Orthopaedic Sports Medicine: A Systematic Review. ↗
Enhancement of Mitochondrial Function by the Neurogenic Molecule NSI-189 Accompanies Reversal of Peripheral Neuropathy and Memory Impairment in a Rat Model of Type 2 Diabetes. ↗
Enhancement of synaptic plasticity and reversal of impairments in motor and cognitive functions in a mouse model of Angelman Syndrome by a small neurogenic molecule, NSI-189. ↗
Enhancer Regulation of Dopaminergic Neurochemical Transmission in the Striatum. ↗
Epigenetic aspects of peptidergic regulation of vascular endothelial cell proliferation during aging ↗
Epitalon increases telomere length in human cell lines through telomerase upregulation or ALT activity. ↗
Epitalon protects against post-ovulatory aging-related damage of mouse oocytes in vitro. ↗
Epithalon peptide induces telomerase activity and telomere elongation in human somatic cells. ↗
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Estrogen-Related Receptor Agonism Reverses Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Inflammation in the Aging Kidney. ↗
Estrogenic and antiestrogenic effects of enclomiphene and zuclomiphene on gonadotropin secretion by ovine pituitary cells in culture. ↗
Evaluation of melanotan-II, a superpotent cyclic melanotropic peptide in a pilot phase-I clinical study. ↗
Evaluation of metabolically stabilized angiotensin IV analogs as procognitive/antidementia agents. ↗
Evaluation of ostarine as a selective androgen receptor modulator in a rat model of postmenopausal osteoporosis. ↗
Evans et al., 2021 ↗
Evenly tritium-labeled peptides and their in vivo and in vitro biodegradation. ↗
Adalank (N-Acetyl Selank Amidate), Adamax (DW 1032), Selank, Semax
Exemestane tablets: prescribing information ↗
Experimental and clinical study of the thymus polypeptide factor thymalin. ↗
Experimental study of the pharmacokinetics of a tryptophan-containing dipeptide GB-115. ↗
Expression and activation of matrix metalloproteinases in wounds: modulation by the tripeptide-copper complex glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine-Cu2+. ↗
Expression of inflammation-related genes in mouse spleen under tuftsin analog Selank. ↗
Extraction and Quantitation of Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Redox Cofactors. ↗
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Falutz et al., 2010 ↗
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Fasoracetam in adolescents with ADHD and glutamatergic gene network variants disrupting mGluR neurotransmitter signaling. ↗
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First patient dosed in the phase 2/3 AWAKEN trial ↗
First-in-class cardiolipin-protective compound as a therapeutic agent to restore mitochondrial bioenergetics. ↗
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Functional Connectomic Approach to Studying Selank and Semax Effects. ↗
Fylaktakidou KC, et al. Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 2005 ↗
GABA, Selank, and Olanzapine Affect the Expression of Genes Involved in GABAergic Neurotransmission in IMR-32 Cells. ↗
Gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157 and short bowel syndrome in rats. ↗
Gatta et al., 2025 ↗
Gautam D, et al. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2009 ↗
Gearhart et al., 1997 ↗
Gearhart et al., 2002 ↗
Gel Electrophoretic Detection of Black Market ACE-031. ↗
Gene expression in human mesenchymal stem cell aging cultures: modulation by short peptides. ↗
Geometric isomers of substituted triphenylethylenes and antiestrogen action. ↗
George et al., 2006 ↗
GH-releasing activity of Hexarelin, a new growth hormone releasing peptide, in infant and adult rats. ↗
Ghareghani et al., 2022 ↗
GHRH-(1–29) study in growth-hormone-deficient children ↗
Gimpl and Fahrenholz, 2001 ↗
Gini and Sonnet, 1987 ↗
Giustarini et al., 2013 ↗
GLP-1 SM catalog record ↗
GLP-2 TZ catalog record ↗
GLP-3 RT catalog record ↗
Glutathione synthesis. ↗
Glutathione: subcellular distribution and membrane transport (1). ↗
Goldstein and Goldstein, 2009 ↗
Gonzalez-Hilarion et al., 2012 ↗
Gouhie et al., 2024 ↗
Govil et al., 2025 ↗
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Graf and Kastin, 1986 ↗
Gray et al., 2025 ↗
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Grgic I, et al. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2021 ↗
Grivennikov et al., 2008 ↗
Growth hormone (GH)-releasing peptide stimulates GH release in normal men and acts synergistically with GH-releasing hormone. ↗
Growth hormone secretagogue MK-677: no clinical effect on AD progression in a randomized trial. ↗
Growth hormone status during long-term hexarelin therapy. ↗
Growth hormone-independent cardioprotective effects of hexarelin in the rat. ↗
Growth hormone-releasing activity of hexarelin, a new synthetic hexapeptide, after intravenous, subcutaneous, intranasal, and oral administration in man. ↗
Growth-modulating plasma tripeptide may function by facilitating copper uptake into cells. ↗
AHK-Cu, GHK-Cu, GHK-Cu / KPV, GLOW, GLOW Potion, KLOW, ProGlow Cream, ProViper Cream
Grozio et al., 2019 ↗
Gudasheva et al., 2013 ↗
Gudasheva et al., 2018 ↗
Gudiksen A, et al. Free Radic Biol Med. 2026 ↗
Gut-Derived Metabolite Indole-3-Propionic Acid Modulates Mitochondrial Function in Cardiomyocytes and Alters Cardiac Function. ↗
GVS-111 prevents oxidative damage and apoptosis in normal and Down's syndrome human cortical neurons. ↗
GW0742 interacts weakly with multiple nuclear receptors ↗
Görgens et al., 2014 ↗
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Hanigan, 2026 ↗
Hansen et al., 2010 ↗
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Harding et al., 2023 ↗
Harmar et al., 2012 ↗
Harsing et al., 2025 ↗
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Hatziieremia et al., 2007 ↗
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Hepatocyte growth factor mimetic protects lateral line hair cells from aminoglycoside exposure. ↗
Hepatocyte Growth Factor/MET Activator Rescues Working Memory Deficits after Repeated Mild Traumatic Brain Injury. ↗
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Huang et al., 2017 ↗
Huang et al., 2022 ↗
Huang et al., 2024 ↗
Human Brown Adipocyte Thermogenesis Is Driven by β2-AR Stimulation. ↗
Human in vivo metabolism study of LGD-4033. ↗
Humanin inhibits neuronal cell death by interacting with a cytokine receptor complex or complexes involving CNTF receptor alpha/WSX-1/gp130. ↗
Humanin peptide suppresses apoptosis by interfering with Bax activation. ↗
Humanin, a newly identified neuroprotective factor, uses the G protein-coupled formylpeptide receptor-like-1 as a functional receptor. ↗
Humanin: a novel central regulator of peripheral insulin action. ↗
Huynh et al., 2022 ↗
Hwang et al., 1992 ↗
Hyperglycemic action of synthetic C-terminal fragments of human growth hormone. ↗
Identification of serotonin M-receptor subtypes and their specific blockade by a new class of drugs. ↗
Identification of the capsaicin-sensitive heat receptor ↗
Iezhitsa et al., 2001 ↗
Immunohistochemical localization of human chorionic gonadotropin. ↗
Improving mitochondrial function with SS-31 reverses age-related redox stress and improves exercise tolerance in aged mice. ↗
In vitro benzyl alcohol cytotoxicity: implications for intravitreal use of triamcinolone acetonide. ↗
In Vitro Metabolic Studies of REV-ERB Agonists SR9009 and SR9011. ↗
In Vitro Pharmacological Profile of KW-6356, a Novel Adenosine A2A Receptor Antagonist/Inverse Agonist. ↗
In vitro skin penetration of acetyl hexapeptide-8 from a cosmetic formulation. ↗
In vivo stimulation of connective tissue accumulation by the tripeptide-copper complex glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine-Cu2+ in rat experimental wounds. ↗
Increased hypothalamic GPR54 signaling: a potential mechanism for initiation of puberty in primates. ↗
Influence of Retrodipeptide Analogue of Cholecystokinin Tetrapeptide (GB-115) and Phenazepam on the Behavior of Rhesus Monkeys under Isolation Conditions. ↗
Influence of the N-terminus acetylation of Semax, a synthetic analog of ACTH(4-10), on copper(II) and zinc(II) coordination and biological properties. ↗
Influence of thymic preparations on the result of experimental infection with Taenia crassiceps (Zeder, 1800) in ICR mice. ↗
Inhibition of AMD-Like Pathology With a Neurotrophic Compound in Aged Rats and 3xTg-AD Mice. ↗
Inhibition of nitric oxide synthesis by methylene blue. ↗
Inhibitory effect of the peptide epitalon on the development of spontaneous mammary tumors in HER-2/neu transgenic mice. ↗
Inozemtseva et al., 2024 ↗
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Insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) and especially IGF-I variants are anabolic in dexamethasone-treated rats. ↗
Insulin-like growth factor-I E-peptide activity is dependent on the IGF-I receptor. ↗
Interaction between the Alzheimer's survival peptide humanin and insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 3 regulates cell survival and apoptosis. ↗
Intranasal Oxytocin in Children and Adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder. ↗
Intravenous aviptadil and remdesivir for treatment of COVID-19-associated hypoxaemic respiratory failure in the USA (TESICO): a randomised, placebo-controlled trial. ↗
Investigation into stereoselective pharmacological activity of phenotropil. ↗
Investigations Into the Metabolism and Elimination of Flmodafinil and Fladrafinil for Sports Drug Testing Purposes. ↗
Involvement of cholinergic and GABAergic systems in the reversal of memory disruption by NS-105, a cognition enhancer. ↗
Involvement of metabotropic glutamate receptors in Gi- and Gs-dependent modulation of adenylate cyclase activity induced by a novel cognition enhancer NS-105 in rat brain. ↗
Ionescu M, Frohman LA. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2006 ↗
Ipamorelin, the first selective growth hormone secretagogue. ↗
CJC-1295 No DAC & Ipamorelin, Ipamorelin, Tesamorelin & Ipamorelin
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Irwig et al., 2004 ↗
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Isotretinoin capsules: prescribing information ↗
Ito et al., 1990 ↗
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Iyengar S, Schwartz D. Anticancer Res. 2017 ↗
J147 Reduces tPA-Induced Brain Hemorrhage in Acute Experimental Stroke in Rats. ↗
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Kisspeptin directly stimulates gonadotropin-releasing hormone release via G protein-coupled receptor 54. ↗
Kisspeptin-10 is a potent stimulator of LH and increases pulse frequency in men. ↗
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KY19382 accelerates cutaneous wound healing via Wnt/β-catenin signaling ↗
KY19382 promotes hair regrowth and hair follicle neogenesis ↗
Labban et al., 2024 ↗
Lactate dehydrogenase activity drives hair follicle stem cell activation ↗
Ladasten, the new drug with psychostimulant and anxiolytic actions in treatment of neurasthenia (results of the comparative clinical study with placebo). ↗
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Lancet, 2013 ↗
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Larazotide acetate in patients with coeliac disease undergoing a gluten challenge: a randomised placebo-controlled study. ↗
Larazotide acetate induces recovery of ischemia-injured porcine jejunum via repair of tight junctions. ↗
Larazotide acetate promotes tight junction assembly in epithelial cells. ↗
Larazotide acetate regulates epithelial tight junctions in vitro and in vivo. ↗
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Lauflumide (NLS-4) Is a New Potent Wake-Promoting Compound. ↗
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Levocarnitine tablets: prescribing information ↗
EndureX, EnergizeX, L-Carnitine, LipoC & B-Vitamins, LipoX & NADH, ProVigorous, ShredX, SuperX
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Liposomes as Carriers of GHK-Cu Tripeptide for Cosmetic Application. ↗
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LL-37 in hard-to-heal venous leg ulcers: randomized placebo-controlled trial ↗
LL-37 recruits human leukocytes through FPRL1 ↗
Locally acting ACE-083 increases muscle volume in healthy volunteers ↗
Loh et al., 2019 ↗
Long [R3] insulin-like growth factor-I reduces growth, plasma growth hormone, IGF binding protein-3 and endogenous IGF-I concentrations in pigs. ↗
Long-Term Administration of Nicotinamide Mononucleotide Mitigates Age-Associated Physiological Decline in Mice. ↗
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MA-5 facilitates ATP synthase oligomerization and cell survival in mitochondrial disease models ↗
MA-5 phase I study: jRCT2031210495 ↗
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Mechanism of action of N-acetylcysteine in the protection against the hepatotoxicity of acetaminophen in rats in vivo. ↗
Mechanism of positive allosteric modulators acting on AMPA receptors. ↗
Mechanisms of DNA damage by photoexcited 9-methyl-β-carbolines. ↗
Mechano-growth factor peptide, the COOH terminus of unprocessed insulin-like growth factor 1, has no apparent effect on myoblasts or primary muscle stem cells. ↗
Mechano-growth factor reduces loss of cardiac function in acute myocardial infarction. ↗
Medication of l-tetrahydropalmatine significantly ameliorates opiate craving and increases the abstinence rate in heroin users: a pilot study. ↗
Melanocortin receptor agonists, penile erection, and sexual motivation: human studies with Melanotan II. ↗
Melanocortin-derived tripeptide KPV has anti-inflammatory potential in murine models of inflammatory bowel disease. ↗
Melanotan-II: Investigation of the inducer and facilitator effects on penile erection in anaesthetized rat. ↗
Melatonin and sleep outcomes in older adults ↗
Meldonium long-term excretion period and pharmacokinetics in blood and urine of healthy athlete volunteers. ↗
Meldonium use by athletes at the Baku 2015 European Games. ↗
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Mendzheritsky et al., 2014 ↗
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MENOPUR menotropins: prescribing information ↗
Mesens et al., 2025 ↗
Mestria et al., 2021 ↗
Metabolic effects of a growth hormone-releasing factor in patients with HIV. ↗
Metabolic studies of a synthetic lipolytic domain (AOD9604) of human growth hormone. ↗
Metabolomics analysis reveals large effects of gut microflora on mammalian blood metabolites. ↗
Metastasis suppressor gene KiSS-1 encodes peptide ligand of a G-protein-coupled receptor. ↗
Methylcobalamin and folate trial in hemodialysis ↗
Methylene blue and serotonin toxicity: inhibition of monoamine oxidase A (MAO A) confirms a theoretical prediction. ↗
Methylene blue delays cellular senescence and enhances key mitochondrial biochemical pathways. ↗
Mice lacking the VIP gene show airway hyperresponsiveness and airway inflammation, partially reversible by VIP. ↗
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Mildronate, a novel fatty acid oxidation inhibitor and antianginal agent, reduces myocardial infarct size without affecting hemodynamics. ↗
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Mitochondria-targeted peptide accelerates ATP recovery and reduces ischemic kidney injury. ↗
Mitochondrial protein interaction landscape of SS-31. ↗
Mitochondrial uncoupler BAM15 reverses diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance in mice ↗
Mitochondrial-derived microprotein MOTS-c attenuates immobilization-induced skeletal muscle atrophy by suppressing lipid infiltration. ↗
Mitochondrial-targeted peptide rapidly improves mitochondrial energetics and skeletal muscle performance in aged mice. ↗
MK-677, an orally active growth hormone secretagogue, reverses diet-induced catabolism. ↗
Modulatory effects of BPC 157 on vasomotor tone and the activation of Src-Caveolin-1-endothelial nitric oxide synthase pathway. ↗
Mohideen et al., 2023 ↗
Molecular and cellular actions of a structural domain of human growth hormone (AOD9401) on lipid metabolism in Zucker fatty rats. ↗
Molecular Mechanism of Antimicrobial Excipient-Induced Aggregation in Parenteral Formulations of Peptide Therapeutics. ↗
Molecular simplification of 1,4-diazabicyclo[4.3.0]nonan-9-ones gives piperazine derivatives that maintain high nootropic activity. ↗
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MOTS-c is an exercise-induced mitochondrial-encoded regulator of age-dependent physical decline and muscle homeostasis. ↗
MOTS-c modulates skeletal muscle function by directly binding and activating CK2. ↗
MOTS-c promotes muscle differentiation in vitro. ↗
MOTS-c: A Mitochondrial-Encoded Regulator of the Nucleus. ↗
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Myopericarditis Following Use of Selective Androgen Receptor Modifier 'RAD-140'. ↗
Myostatin inhibitor ACE-031 treatment of ambulatory boys with Duchenne muscular dystrophy: Results of a randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial. ↗
Myotoxic effects of clenbuterol in the rat heart and soleus muscle. ↗
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Neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory activity of DAT inhibitor R-phenylpiracetam in experimental models of inflammation in male mice. ↗
Neuroprotective effect of novel cognitive enhancer noopept on AD-related cellular model involves the attenuation of apoptosis and tau hyperphosphorylation. ↗
Neuroprotective Effects of Tripeptides: Epigenetic Regulators in Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease. ↗
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Nicotinamide mononucleotide increases muscle insulin sensitivity in prediabetic women. ↗
Nicotinamide N-methyltransferase inhibition mitigates obesity-related metabolic dysfunction. ↗
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Nooglutil in a rat intracerebral hematoma model ↗
Noopept stimulates the expression of NGF and BDNF in rat hippocampus. ↗
Nootropic drug modulation of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in rat cortical neurons. ↗
Nootropic drugs positively modulate alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid-sensitive glutamate receptors in neuronal cultures. ↗
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Novel nootropic drug sunifiram enhances hippocampal synaptic efficacy via glycine-binding site of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor. ↗
Novel Pan-ERR Agonists Ameliorate Heart Failure Through Enhancing Cardiac Fatty Acid Metabolism and Mitochondrial Function. ↗
Novel recombinant fusion protein analogues of insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I indicate the relative importance of IGF-binding protein and receptor binding for enhanced biological potency. ↗
Novel selective small-molecule PPARδ agonists: synthesis and biological activity ↗
NRK1 controls nicotinamide mononucleotide and nicotinamide riboside metabolism in mammalian cells. ↗
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Once-weekly cagrilintide for weight management: randomized phase 2 trial ↗
Once-Weekly Mazdutide in Chinese Adults with Obesity or Overweight ↗
Optimization of reparative osteogenesis jaws on aging (preclinical studies). ↗
Oral EA, et al. Cell Metab. 2017 ↗
Oral enclomiphene citrate raises testosterone and preserves sperm counts in obese hypogonadal men, unlike topical testosterone: restoration instead of replacement. ↗
Orally Targeted Delivery of Tripeptide KPV via Hyaluronic Acid-Functionalized Nanoparticles Efficiently Alleviates Ulcerative Colitis. ↗
Orforglipron for obesity treatment: ATTAIN-1 ↗
Orforglipron in early type 2 diabetes ↗
Orkin et al., 2003 ↗
Osaka and Kanazawa, 2023 ↗
Osipov RM, et al. Ann Thorac Surg. 2009 ↗
Ostarine-Induced Myogenic Differentiation in C2C12, L6, and Rat Muscles. ↗
Ostrovskaya et al., 1999 ↗
Ostrovskaya et al., 2001 ↗
Ostrovskaya et al., 2007 ↗
Ottenhausen et al., 2016 ↗
Outsmarted by nootropics? An investigation into the thermal degradation of modafinil, modafinic acid, adrafinil, CRL-40,940 and CRL-40,941 in the GC injector: formation of 1,1,2,2-tetraphenylethane and its tetra fluoro analog. ↗
Overview of Epitalon: Highly Bioactive Pineal Tetrapeptide with Promising Properties. ↗
Oxiracetam and physical activity in preventing cognitive decline after stroke: A multicenter, randomized controlled trial. ↗
Oxiracetam in the treatment of primary degenerative and multi-infarct dementia: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study. ↗
Oxytocin increases trust in humans. ↗
Oxytocin is required for nursing but is not essential for parturition or reproductive behavior. ↗
Oxytocin receptor is not required for social attachment in prairie voles. ↗
Oyamada et al., 2010 ↗
Ozasa et al., 2019 ↗
Padappayil et al., 2022 ↗
Paharkova et al., 2015 ↗
Palmieri et al., 2024 ↗
Pan et al., 2022 ↗
Pankiewicz et al., 2021 ↗
Papke et al., 2005 ↗
Park et al., 2016 ↗
Paterson et al., 2007 ↗
Pathways and subcellular compartmentation of NAD biosynthesis in human cells: from entry of extracellular precursors to mitochondrial NAD generation. ↗
PDRN in a randomized diabetic foot-ulcer study ↗
Pelton, 2006 ↗
Peluso et al., 2021 ↗
Pemoline and cyclopropylpemoline effects on continuous avoidance behavior ↗
Pencina et al., 2023 ↗
Pencina et al., 2025 ↗
Penetration of short fluorescence-labeled peptides into the nucleus in HeLa cells and in vitro specific interaction of the peptides with deoxyribooligonucleotides and DNA. ↗
Pentadecapeptide BPC 157 enhances the growth hormone receptor expression in tendon fibroblasts. ↗
Peptide bioregulators of vessels in chronic arterial insufficiency ↗
Peptide profiling of Internet-obtained Cerebrolysin using high performance liquid chromatography, electrospray ionization ion trap and ultra high performance liquid chromatography, ion mobility, quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry. ↗
Peptide Regulation of Skin Fibroblast Functions during Their Aging In Vitro. ↗
Peptides regulate expression of signaling molecules in kidney cell cultures during in vitro aging. ↗
Peptides Regulating Proliferative Activity and Inflammatory Pathways in the Monocyte/Macrophage THP-1 Cell Line. ↗
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-beta/delta (PPARbeta/delta) ligands do not potentiate growth of human cancer cell lines. ↗
Pfau and Skog, 2004 ↗
Pfaus et al., 2022 ↗
Pharmacogenetic study of anxiolytic effects of new cholecystokinin receptor antagonists in animals with different levels of emotionality. ↗
Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic modeling of ipamorelin, a growth hormone releasing peptide, in human volunteers. ↗
CJC-1295 No DAC & Ipamorelin, Ipamorelin, Tesamorelin & Ipamorelin
Pharmacokinetics and Safety Assessment of l-Tetrahydropalmatine in Cocaine Users: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study. ↗
Pharmacological activation of REV-ERBs is lethal in cancer and oncogene-induced senescence. ↗
Pharmacological Correction of Alcohol Motivation Depends on the Phenotype of the Response to Emotional Stress. ↗
Pharmacological targeting of the mammalian clock regulates sleep architecture and emotional behaviour. ↗
Phenibut (beta-phenyl-GABA): a tranquilizer and nootropic drug. ↗
Philp D, et al. FASEB J. 2003 ↗
Philp D, et al. Wound Repair Regen. 2003 ↗
Physiological and pharmacokinetic effects of DMAA in men ↗
Pilot trial of clenbuterol in spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy. ↗
Pineal peptides restore the age-related disturbances in hormonal functions of the pineal gland and the pancreas. ↗
Pinealon increases cell viability by suppression of free radical levels and activating proliferative processes. ↗
Pinealon protects the rat offspring from prenatal hyperhomocysteinemia. ↗
Pinilla et al., 2012 ↗
Pinter et al., 2026 ↗
Piracetam for Aphasia in Post-stroke Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. ↗
Piracetam for dementia or cognitive impairment. ↗
Pistilli et al., 2011 ↗
Plasma clearance and tissue distribution of labelled insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) and an analogue LR3IGF-I in pregnant rats. ↗
Pleau et al., 1977 ↗
Poeggeler et al., 1999 ↗
Pokrywka et al., 2014 ↗
Pollak et al., 2007 ↗
Polypeptide with broad biological activity: isolation from small intestine. ↗
Pompei et al., 2025 ↗
Pong et al., 1996 ↗
Ponnusamy et al., 2017 ↗
Poon et al., 2020 ↗
Potent and prolonged acting cyclic lactam analogues of alpha-melanotropin: design based on molecular dynamics. ↗
Potent and specific inhibition of glutathione synthesis by buthionine sulfoximine (S-n-butyl homocysteine sulfoximine). ↗
Povorozniuk et al., 2007 ↗
PP405 phase 2a clinical trial results ↗
Prasse et al., 2010 ↗
Prates et al., 2011 ↗
Prescott et al., 1979 ↗
PRL-8-53 and human verbal learning and retention ↗
Production and characterization of recombinant insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) and potent analogues of IGF-I, with Gly or Arg substituted for Glu3, following their expression in Escherichia coli as fusion proteins. ↗
Production of secretory diarrhea by intravenous infusion of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide. ↗
Prolonged administration of IGF peptides enhances growth of gastrointestinal tissues in normal rats. ↗
Prospective, randomized, controlled, proof-of-concept study of the Ghrelin mimetic ipamorelin for the management of postoperative ileus in bowel resection patients. ↗
CJC-1295 No DAC & Ipamorelin, Ipamorelin, Tesamorelin & Ipamorelin
Prothymosin alpha: isolation and properties of the major immunoreactive form of thymosin alpha 1 in rat thymus. ↗
PT-141: a melanocortin agonist for the treatment of sexual dysfunction. ↗
PubChem CID 439302 ↗
PubChem CID 9941957 ↗
Pyridoxine hydrochloride: product labeling ↗
Q-SYMBIO randomized trial ↗
Qiu et al., 2023 ↗
Quantity of phenibut in dietary supplements before and after FDA warnings. ↗
Quesada et al., 2009 ↗
R-phenibut binds to the α2-δ subunit of voltage-dependent calcium channels and exerts gabapentin-like anti-nociceptive effects. ↗
RAD-140 Drug-Induced Liver Injury. ↗
Radwan et al., 2026 ↗
Raeissi and Audus, 1989 ↗
Rahaman et al., 2024 ↗
Rahimian et al., 2013 ↗
Rahman et al., 2006 ↗
Raiteri et al., 1992 ↗
Randomized controlled trial of KW-6356 monotherapy in patients with early untreated Parkinson's disease. ↗
Randomized controlled trial of oral glutathione supplementation on body stores of glutathione. ↗
Randomized GHRH-(1–29)-NH2 comparison study ↗
Randomized phase 2 study of ACE-083 in facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy ↗
Randomized trial of the triple monoamine reuptake inhibitor NS 2330 (tesofensine) in early Parkinson's disease. ↗
Rani et al., 2010 ↗
Rascol et al., 2008 ↗
Redox environment of the cell as viewed through the redox state of the glutathione disulfide/glutathione couple. ↗
Reducing small intestinal permeability attenuates colitis in the IL10 gene-deficient mouse. ↗
Regulation of circadian behaviour and metabolism by synthetic REV-ERB agonists. ↗
Regulation of ferroptotic cancer cell death by GPX4. ↗
Regulation of intracellular levels of NAD: a novel role for CD38. ↗
Reilly et al., 2021 ↗
Reilly SM, et al. Nat Med. 2013 ↗
Reissner et al., 2015 ↗
Remediation of Radiation-Induced Cognitive Dysfunction through Oral Administration of the Neuroprotective Compound NSI-189. ↗
Rescue of cognitive-aging by administration of a neurogenic and/or neurotrophic compound. ↗
retraction notice, 2025 ↗
Rev-erb-α modulates skeletal muscle oxidative capacity by regulating mitochondrial biogenesis and autophagy. ↗
Revollo et al., 2004 ↗
Richman and Meister, 1975 ↗
Risks of unregulated use of alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone analogues: a review. ↗
Risérus et al., 2008 ↗
Robinson et al., 2009 ↗
Roch et al., 2020 ↗
Rockenstein et al., 2003 ↗
Rockenstein et al., 2011 ↗
Rockenstein et al., 2014 ↗
Rodriguez et al., 2016 ↗
Rojas et al., 2009 ↗
Role of melanocortinergic neurons in feeding and the agouti obesity syndrome. ↗
Role of metabotropic glutamate receptor subclasses in modulation of adenylyl cyclase activity by a nootropic NS-105. ↗
Role of Mono- and Divalent Ions in Peptide Glu-Asp-Arg-DNA Interaction. ↗
Role of the brain dopaminergic and serotoninergic systems in psychopharmacological effects of ladasten and sydnocarb. ↗
Role of the cholecystokinin system in anxiolytic activity of dipeptide GB-115. ↗
Romanelli et al., 2006 ↗
Romani et al., 2007 ↗
Rossi et al., 2002 ↗
RU58841 in human scalp grafts maintained on mice ↗
Ruff et al., 2010 ↗
Rössler et al., 2006 ↗
Sackmann-Sala L, et al. Growth Horm IGF Res. 2009 ↗
Safer et al., 1991 ↗
Safety Profile of Bremelanotide Across the Clinical Development Program. ↗
Safety, Tolerability, and Pharmacokinetics of the Novel Adenosine A2A Antagonist/Inverse Agonist KW-6356 ... in Healthy Volunteers. ↗
Said and Faloona, 1975 ↗
Salleras et al., 1995 ↗
Sampson CM, et al. Sci Rep. 2021 ↗
Samuni et al., 2013 ↗
SANA induces creatine-dependent thermogenesis and promotes weight loss ↗
Satou et al., 2000 ↗
Savic et al., 2021 ↗
Scapecchi et al., 2004 ↗
SCENESSE afamelanotide implant: prescribing information ↗
Schaible et al., 2013 ↗
Schlegel et al., 2013 ↗
Schmid and Hovda, 2018 ↗
Schmidt and Brenner, 2019 ↗
Schneider MA, et al. Nat Commun. 2021 ↗
Schobersberger et al., 2017 ↗
Schwartz et al., 1974 ↗
Seidl and Aigner, 2024 ↗
Selank Administration Affects the Expression of Some Genes Involved in GABAergic Neurotransmission. ↗
Selank, a Peptide Analog of Tuftsin, Attenuates Aversive Signs of Morphine Withdrawal in Rats. ↗
Selective and membrane-permeable small molecule inhibitors of nicotinamide N-methyltransferase reverse high fat diet-induced obesity in mice. ↗
Selective Androgen Receptor Modulator RAD140 Inhibits the Growth of Androgen/Estrogen Receptor-Positive Breast Cancer Models with a Distinct Mechanism of Action. ↗
Selective androgen receptor modulator RAD140 is neuroprotective in cultured neurons and kainate-lesioned male rats. ↗
Selective androgen receptor modulator, YK11, regulates myogenic differentiation of C2C12 myoblasts by follistatin expression. ↗
Selective Androgen Receptor Modulator, YK11, Up-Regulates Osteoblastic Proliferation and Differentiation in MC3T3-E1 Cells. ↗
Selective androgen receptor modulators (SARMs) have specific impacts on the mouse uterus. ↗
Selective facilitation of sexual solicitation in the female rat by a melanocortin receptor agonist. ↗
Selective inhibition of Alzheimer disease-like tau aggregation by phenothiazines. ↗
Selectivity of cyclic [D-Nal7] and [D-Phe7] substituted MSH analogues for the melanocortin receptor subtypes. ↗
Semax and selank inhibit the enkephalin-degrading enzymes from human serum. ↗
Semax, a Synthetic Regulatory Peptide, Affects Copper-Induced Abeta Aggregation and Amyloid Formation in Artificial Membrane Models. ↗
Semax, an ACTH(4-10) analogue with nootropic properties, activates dopaminergic and serotoninergic brain systems in rodents. ↗
Semax, an analog of ACTH(4-10) with cognitive effects, regulates BDNF and trkB expression in the rat hippocampus. ↗
Semax, an analogue of adrenocorticotropin (4-10), binds specifically and increases levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor protein in rat basal forebrain. ↗
Adamax (DW 1032), CogniWell, Energize, Semax, Semax & Selank
Semenova et al., 2008 ↗
Seminara et al., 2006 ↗
Senile dementia of the Alzheimer type treated with aniracetam: a new nootropic agent. ↗
Shah et al., 2018 ↗
Shahien et al., 2020 ↗
Shakova et al., 2021 ↗
Shams Bin Shaheen et al., 2026 ↗
Sheller MR, et al. J Orthop Res. 2004 ↗
Shevchenko et al., 2006 ↗
Shimazu et al., 2003 ↗
Shin JY, et al. Ann Dermatol. 2024 ↗
Shiozaki et al., 1999 ↗
Shipaeva et al., 2011 ↗
Shomorony and Denton, 2026 ↗
Short Peptides Protect Fibroblast-Derived Induced Neurons from Age-Related Changes. ↗
Short peptides stimulate serotonin expression in cells of brain cortex. ↗
Short-term tropisetron treatment and cognitive and P50 auditory gating deficits in schizophrenia. ↗
Shortened Spadin Analogs Display Better TREK-1 Inhibition, In Vivo Stability and Antidepressant Activity ↗
Shorvon, 2001 ↗
Sikiric et al., 2012 ↗
Sikiric et al., 2014 ↗
Sildenafil tablets: prescribing information ↗
Skeletal muscle hypertrophy and anti-atrophy effects of clenbuterol are mediated by the beta2-adrenergic receptor. ↗
Slc12a8 is a nicotinamide mononucleotide transporter. ↗
Slifer et al., 2021a ↗
Small-molecule-driven hepatocyte differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells. ↗
Smith and Lin, 2013 ↗
Sobetirome: a case history of bench-to-clinic drug discovery and development ↗
Sobolevsky et al., 2024 ↗
Social amnesia in mice lacking the oxytocin gene. ↗
Soppa et al., 2008 ↗
Sorokina et al., 2010 ↗
Sosne et al., 2015 ↗
Soule S, et al. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1994 ↗
Sower et al., 1999 ↗
Spana et al., 2022 ↗
Spielmans, 2021 ↗
Spignoli and Pepeu, 1987 ↗
Sprecher et al., 2007 ↗
SR9009 has REV-ERB-independent effects on cell proliferation and metabolism. ↗
Stability, potency, and preservative effectiveness of epoetin alfa after addition of a bacteriostatic diluent. ↗
Stability-indicating HPLC assay for lysine-proline-valine (KPV) in aqueous solutions and skin homogenates. ↗
Stable Isotope Labeling-Based Nontargeted Strategy for Characterization of the In Vitro Metabolic Profile of a Novel Doping BPC-157 in Doping Control by UHPLC-HRMS. ↗
Stacpoole et al., 1998 ↗
Stakhovskaya et al., 2017 ↗
Staresinic et al., 2003 ↗
Steneberg P, et al. JCI Insight. 2018 ↗
Stiernberg J, et al. Wound Repair Regen. 2000 ↗
Stimulation of collagen synthesis in fibroblast cultures by the tripeptide-copper complex glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine-Cu2+. ↗
AHK-Cu, GHK-Cu, GHK-Cu / KPV, GLOW, GLOW Potion, KLOW, ProGlow Cream, ProViper Cream
Stimulation of the catecholaminergic and serotoninergic neurons in the rat brain by R-(-)-1-(benzofuran-2-yl)-2-propylaminopentane, (-)-BPAP. ↗
Strictly regulated agonist-dependent activation of AMPA-R is the key characteristic of TAK-653 for robust synaptic responses and cognitive improvement. ↗
Strictly regulated agonist-dependent activation of AMPA-R is the key characteristic of TAK-653 for robust synaptic responses and cognitive improvement. ↗
Stroppel et al., 2023 ↗
Structural and mechanistic studies on γ-butyrobetaine hydroxylase. ↗
Structural basis for pharmacotherapeutic action of triple reuptake inhibitors. ↗
Structural basis of human ghrelin receptor signaling by ghrelin and the synthetic agonist ibutamoren. ↗
Structural insights into ligand recognition and activation of the melanocortin-4 receptor. ↗
Structure and expression of a human oxytocin receptor. ↗
Structure-Activity Relationship for Small Molecule Inhibitors of Nicotinamide N-Methyltransferase. ↗
Structure-Activity Relationships at the Monoamine Transporters for a Novel Series of Modafinil (2-[(diphenylmethyl)sulfinyl]acetamide) Analogues. ↗
Structure-function studies on the cyclic peptide MT-II, lactam derivative of alpha-melanotropin. ↗
Studies on the in vivo metabolism of the SARM YK11: Identification and characterization of metabolites potentially useful for doping controls. ↗
Study of delta sleep-inducing peptide efficacy in improving sleep on short-term administration to chronic insomniacs. ↗
Sturgeon et al., 2009 ↗
Sun et al., 2024 ↗
Survodutide once weekly for adults with obesity ↗
Suzuki et al., 2023 ↗
Suzuki et al., 2024 ↗
Svensson et al., 1998 ↗
Symbiotic bacterial metabolites regulate gastrointestinal barrier function via the xenobiotic sensor PXR and Toll-like receptor 4. ↗
Synthetic ERRalpha/beta/gamma Agonist Induces an ERRalpha-Dependent Acute Aerobic Exercise Response and Enhances Exercise Capacity. ↗
Sznaidman et al., 2003 ↗
Tadalafil tablets: clinical studies ↗
Tadalafil tablets: mechanism and prescribing information ↗
Taghizadeh et al., 2021 ↗
Tajiri et al., 2017 ↗
TAK-653 Reverses Core Depressive Symptoms in Chronic Stress-Induced Monkey Model. ↗
TAK-653, an AMPA receptor potentiator with minimal agonistic activity, produces an antidepressant-like effect ... in rats. ↗
Takayanagi et al., 2005 ↗
Takino et al., 2003 ↗
Tallerova et al., 2011 ↗
Targeted Apoptosis of Senescent Cells Restores Tissue Homeostasis in Response to Chemotoxicity and Aging ↗
Targeting ERRs to counteract age-related muscle atrophy associated with physical inactivity: a pilot study. ↗
Targeting zonulin and intestinal epithelial barrier function to prevent onset of arthritis. ↗
Tasaka et al., 2015 ↗
Tauroursodeoxycholic acid in an ALS study ↗
Tayama et al., 2024 ↗
Teichman SL, et al. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2006 ↗
CJC-1295 Drug Affinity Complex, CJC-1295 No DAC, CJC-1295 No DAC & Ipamorelin