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183Research profiles

45Formulations

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Follow the source. Human studies, preclinical findings, and blend evidence are kept distinct.Catalog snapshot: 18 October 2026

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183 profiles

5-Amino-1MQ5-Amino-1MQ (5-amino-1-methylquinolinium) is a small-molecule inhibitor of nicotinamide N-methyltransferase (NNMT), the cytosolic enzyme that transfers a methyl group from S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) to nicotinamide. It is a quinolinium cation, not a peptide, and it came out of a structure-activity study in which methylated quinoliniums inhibited NNMT at concentrations near 1 micromolar (Neelakantan et al., 2017).

Small moleculesPreclinical

9-ME-BC9-Me-BC is the usual abbreviation for 9-methyl-beta-carboline (9-methyl-β-carboline), the small molecule 9-methyl-9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indole. It belongs to the beta-carbolines, tricyclic pyridoindoles that include norharmane, the unsubstituted β-carboline, and harmane, 1-methyl-β-carboline. Norharmane and harmane form in the body and occur in fried meat and fish, coffee, alcoholic drinks and tobacco smoke (Pfau and Skog, 2004).

Small moleculesPreclinical

ACE-031ACE-031, also called ramatercept, is a recombinant fusion protein that joins the extracellular domain of human activin receptor type IIB (ActRIIB) to the Fc region of human IgG1. It acts as a ligand trap that binds myostatin and related ligands (Campbell et al., 2017). Acceleron Pharma developed it with Shire (Smith and Lin, 2013).

Proteins & biologicalsHuman studies

ACE-083ACE-083 is a follistatin-based investigational protein designed to act locally on muscle-regulatory pathways. The clinical molecule is more specific than the general label 'myostatin inhibitor.'

Proteins & biologicalsHuman studies

Acetic Acid 0.6%Acetic acid is a two-carbon carboxylic acid. The DA entry is a dilute preparation solution, not a peptide or a biological research target.

Solvents & materialsLaboratory material

Adalank (N-Acetyl Selank Amidate)N-Acetyl Selank Amidate is a modified form of Selank, the synthetic heptapeptide Thr-Lys-Pro-Arg-Pro-Gly-Pro (Kost et al., 2001). As the name states, the N-terminus carries an acetyl group (N-acetylation) and the C-terminal carboxylic acid is replaced by an amide (C-terminal amidation), written Ac-Thr-Lys-Pro-Arg-Pro-Gly-Pro-NH2. The seven amino acids and their order are those of Selank.

PeptidesLimited evidence

Adamax (DW 1032)Adamax is listed under the code DW 1032. Public descriptions disagree about its structure: a vendor-deposited PubChem substance record describes an acetylated nine-residue peptide containing Semax, while other supplier descriptions include an adamantane group. The existing guide assigns Adamax no confirmed structure and identifies no peer-reviewed study under that name or code. Semax findings are context, not Adamax evidence.

PeptidesIdentity unresolved

AHK-CuAHK-Cu (also written AHK Cu) is a synthetic copper peptide: the tripeptide L-alanyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine (Ala-His-Lys) holding one copper(II) ion. It is the alanine analog of GHK-Cu. Alanine replaces the N-terminal glycine, while the copper-anchoring histidine and the C-terminal lysine stay the same (Pyo et al., 2007; Mateescu et al., 2026). Its published record is thin.

PeptidesPreclinical

AICARAICAR (5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside) is a nucleoside analog: an imidazole carboxamide base joined to ribose. It is also called AICA riboside. As a drug candidate, it is called acadesine. Cells convert it to ZMP, an AMP mimic. ZMP activates AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), the cell's energy sensor (Corton et al., 1995). ZMP is also a natural intermediate of purine synthesis.

Small moleculesSource-linked reference

AlbuterolAlbuterol is a small-molecule beta-2 adrenergic agonist. Official pharmaceutical labeling commonly describes its sulfate salt in an inhaled formulation.

Small moleculesHuman studies

AmlexanoxAmlexanox is a small-molecule drug, 2-amino-7-isopropyl-5-oxo-5H-[1]benzopyrano[2,3-b]pyridine-3-carboxylic acid, first reported in 1985 as the antiallergic compound AA-673 (Nohara et al., 1985). A 2020 review reports that Japan has authorized it for asthma since 1987, and for allergic rhinitis and conjunctivitis (Dosanjh and Won, 2020). Since 2013, labs have studied it as an inhibitor of the protein kinases TBK1 and IKK-epsilon (IKKε) (Reilly et al., 2013).

Small moleculesSource-linked reference

AniracetamAniracetam is 1-(4-methoxybenzoyl)-2-pyrrolidinone. Its research code is Ro 13-5057. It is a synthetic racetam. A 2010 review places it among the piracetam-like drugs (Malykh and Sadaie, 2010). A 1982 rodent study called it a new pyrrolidinone derivative. It countered memory deficits caused in the lab (Cumin et al., 1982).

Small moleculesHuman studies

AOD-9604AOD-9604 (also written AOD9604 or AOD 9604) is a synthetic peptide modeled on the C-terminal region of human growth hormone (hGH). PubChem records a 16-residue sequence, YLRIVQCRSVEGSCGF, closed by a disulfide bond between its two cysteines (CID 71300630).

PeptidesSource-linked reference

ARA-290ARA 290, also called cibinetide, is an erythropoietin-derived investigational peptide studied in tissue-protection and peripheral-nerve research. It was designed to separate repair-associated signaling from red-blood-cell stimulation.

PeptidesHuman studies

ATX-304 (Sodium Salt)ATX-304 (O304) is a synthetic small molecule that activates AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), the cell's energy sensor. Researchers at Umeå University and Betagenon AB in Sweden found it in a cell-based screen and called it a pan-AMPK activator (Steneberg et al., 2018).

Small moleculesHuman studies

Bacteriostatic water 0.9%Bacteriostatic water, often called bac water, is sterile water that contains 0.9% benzyl alcohol as a preservative. The benzyl alcohol suppresses the growth of microbes that get in after a vial is opened, which is why the solution suits vials that are entered more than once (Hu et al., 2023).

Solvents & materialsLaboratory material

BAM15BAM15 is a small-molecule mitochondrial protonophore investigated in energy metabolism. It is structurally distinct from DNP, although both are discussed in mitochondrial-uncoupling research.

Small moleculesPreclinical

BPAPBPAP, short for 1-(benzofuran-2-yl)-2-propylaminopentane (benzofuranylpropylaminopentane), is a synthetic, tryptamine-derived compound designed as a "catecholaminergic/serotoninergic activity enhancer." Knoll and colleagues at Semmelweis University developed it with researchers at Fujimoto Pharmaceutical, as part of the selegiline line of research: after selegiline and (-)-PPAP showed the enhancer effect, the team changed the aromatic ring of PPAP, made 65 compounds and selected (-)-BPAP (Knoll et al., 1999; Yoneda et al., 2001).

Small moleculesPreclinical

BPC-157BPC-157 (also written BPC 157) is a synthetic peptide of 15 amino acids, a pentadecapeptide with the sequence Gly-Glu-Pro-Pro-Pro-Gly-Lys-Pro-Ala-Asp-Asp-Ala-Gly-Leu-Val. BPC stands for body protection compound, the name its discoverers gave to a protein isolated from human gastric juice, and BPC-157 is a partial sequence of that protein (Chang et al., 2011).

PeptidesLimited evidence

BromantaneBromantane, N-(4-bromophenyl)adamantan-2-amine, is a synthetic adamantane derivative. It came out of a Russian program that synthesized 329 adamantane derivatives and screened them for effects on animals' resistance to extreme conditions such as overheating and low oxygen (Morozov et al., 1999).

Small moleculesHuman studies

CagrilintideCagrilintide is a long-acting amylin analogue investigated for weight management. Studies of cagrilintide alone and studies combining it with semaglutide address different interventions.

PeptidesHuman studies

CardabolicCardabolic is a catalog formulation containing Cardarine (GW-501516), SR-9009.

Blends & formulationsComponent evidence

Cardarine (GW-501516)Cardarine is the common name for GW501516, also written GW-501516 or GW1516, a synthetic small molecule that selectively activates peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta (PPARδ). GlaxoSmithKline scientists reported it in 2001 (Oliver et al., 2001), and by 2006 GlaxoSmithKline and Ligand were developing it for dyslipidemia in phase II trials (Pelton, 2006).

Small moleculesHuman studies

CardiogenCardiogen is a short-peptide research name associated with cardiac tissue-culture experiments. A primary study describes it as a synthetic tetrapeptide. Identity should be checked against the actual sequence and analytical documentation, not inferred from the organ-related name.

PeptidesPreclinical

CartalaxCartalax is the name used in the St Petersburg short-peptide literature for the synthetic tripeptide Ala-Glu-Asp, abbreviated AED (Khavinson et al., 2021). Earlier papers from the same group code it T-31 (Khavinson et al., 2014). It belongs to the short peptides that V. Kh.

PeptidesPreclinical

CerebrolysinCerebrolysin is a mixture of free amino acids and low-molecular-weight peptides made by enzymatic breakdown of pig (porcine) brain proteins (Hartbauer et al., 2001). Japanese studies use the code FPF-1070 (Satou et al., 2000). The studies below used that licensed medicine, which Disguised Alpha's research material is not.

Proteins & biologicalsSource-linked reference

ChlodantaneChlodantane is an adamantane-derived benzamide studied in experimental responses to physical and chemical stress. It is distinct from bromantane; findings for one should not be assigned to the other.

Small moleculesPreclinical

CJC-1295 Drug Affinity ComplexCJC-1295 with DAC is a synthetic analog of growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH), the hypothalamic peptide that signals the pituitary to release growth hormone (GH). It keeps the first 29 residues of human GHRH with four stabilizing substitutions and adds a C-terminal lysine carrying a reactive maleimide group, the drug affinity complex (DAC), which bonds to serum albumin.

PeptidesHuman studies

CJC-1295 No DACCJC-1295 No DAC is a substituted analog of the first 29 residues of human growth hormone releasing factor, with an amidated C-terminus. It is also sold as modified growth hormone releasing factor 1 to 29.

PeptidesLimited evidence

CJC-1295 No DAC & IpamorelinCJC-1295/Ipamorelin is a two-peptide research blend: 5MG of CJC-1295 No DAC and 5MG of ipamorelin in one vial. CJC-1295 No DAC, also called modified GRF 1-29 (mod GRF 1-29), is a tetrasubstituted analog of the first 29 residues of human growth hormone releasing hormone (GHRH), without the albumin-binding lysine, or drug affinity complex (DAC), of the named compound CJC-1295 (Jetté et al., 2005).

Blends & formulationsComponent evidence

ClenClenbuterol is a synthetic beta2-adrenergic receptor agonist, usually supplied as its hydrochloride salt. Beta-agonists were long used against bronchospasm, and some were later found to shift carcass composition in meat animals from fat toward skeletal muscle, a "repartitioning" effect (Lynch and Ryall, 2008). That led to illegal clenbuterol use in livestock and to human poisonings from residues in liver and meat (Kuiper et al., 1998).

Small moleculesSource-linked reference

CMS-121CMS121 is a small-molecule fisetin derivative investigated for neurodegeneration-related pathways. It has preclinical Alzheimer's-model evidence and early human pharmacokinetic research, which answer different questions.

Small moleculesHuman studies

Coenzyme Q10Coenzyme Q10, or ubiquinone-10, is a lipid-soluble quinone involved in cellular energy metabolism. Its oxidized and reduced forms must be distinguished in experiments.

Cofactors & nutrientsHuman studies

CogniWellCogniWell is a catalog formulation containing Noopept, Semax, Selank.

Blends & formulationsComponent evidence

Compound 7PCompound 7p is a sulfonamidoacetamide lead identified in a phenotypic screen for neuronal growth. The label refers to one compound within a medicinal-chemistry series, making exact structural identity important.

Small moleculesPreclinical

CyclazodoneCyclazodone is an oxazolinone research compound historically associated with stimulant pharmacology. It is distinct from N-methylcyclazodone, so modern studies of that derivative cannot automatically be assigned to cyclazodone.

Small moleculesLimited evidence

DeadpoolDeadpool is a catalog formulation containing BPC-157, TB-500, KPV.

Blends & formulationsComponent evidence

DihexaDihexa (N-hexanoic-Tyr-Ile-(6) aminohexanoic amide, also coded PNB-0408) is a synthetic, peptide-derived compound developed from angiotensin IV. Its designers modified both ends of Nle-Tyr-Ile, the N-terminal core of the analog Nle¹-angiotensin IV, for metabolic stability and barrier permeability (McCoy et al., 2013).

PeptidesPreclinical

Diisopropylamine DichloroacetateDADA is diisopropylamine dichloroacetate, the 1:1 salt of the base diisopropylamine and dichloroacetic acid (PubChem CID 12617). Its anion is dichloroacetate, the same anion as in sodium dichloroacetate (DCA), a classic inhibitor of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (PDK).

Small moleculesHuman studies

DMAADMAA is 1,3-dimethylamylamine, a stimulant compound investigated in small human physiological studies. Its presence in a research catalog does not establish a beneficial performance effect.

Small moleculesHuman studies

DreamWellDreamWell is a catalog formulation containing DSIP, Pinealon, Epitalon.

Blends & formulationsComponent evidence

DriveXDriveX is a catalog formulation containing L-Carnosine, CDP Choline, ATP, AMP.

Blends & formulationsComponent evidence

DSIPDSIP is short for delta sleep-inducing peptide. It is a nine-residue peptide with the sequence Trp-Ala-Gly-Gly-Asp-Ala-Ser-Gly-Glu. It was isolated in Basel in the 1970s from the cerebral venous blood of rabbits. The blood was drawn during electrical stimulation of the thalamus. The isolated fraction was then given to recipient rabbits. In them it produced a delta electroencephalogram (EEG) pattern.

PeptidesHuman studies

EloralintideEloralintide is an investigational selective amylin receptor agonist developed for weight-management research. It is pharmacologically distinct from GLP-1 receptor agonists, even though both are studied in metabolic disease.

PeptidesHuman studies

EnclomipheneEnclomiphene is the trans, or (E), geometric isomer of clomiphene, a nonsteroidal estrogen receptor ligand of the triphenylethylene family. Clomiphene citrate is roughly a 60:40 mixture of enclomiphene and zuclomiphene, its cis or (Z) isomer (Nelson et al., 2016), and the two isomers act differently at the estrogen receptor (Jordan et al., 1981).

Small moleculesHuman studies

EndureXEndureX is a catalog formulation containing Sodium Bicarbonate, Dimethylglycine, Phosphocreatine, L-Carnitine, Citicoline, ATP.

Blends & formulationsComponent evidence

EnergizeEnergize is a catalog formulation containing Dihexa, Semax, Selank.

Blends & formulationsComponent evidence

EnergizeXEnergizeX is a catalog formulation containing L-Carnitine, NAD+, L-Methionine, L-Inositol, L-Choline, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6.

Blends & formulationsComponent evidence

EpitalonEpitalon is the synthetic tetrapeptide Ala-Glu-Asp-Gly. It is also written epithalon or epithalone, and abbreviated AEDG. It was designed in St Petersburg from the amino acid makeup of epithalamin, a peptide extract of bovine pineal gland. The two names are often confused. Epithalamin is the extract, and epitalon is the four-residue peptide. Later, mass spectrometry found the peptide directly in a pineal polypeptide complex.

PeptidesSource-linked reference

ExemestaneExemestane is a steroidal aromatase inhibitor structurally related to androstenedione. It is a small molecule, not a peptide.

Small moleculesHuman studies

FasoracetamFasoracetam ((5R)-5-(piperidine-1-carbonyl)pyrrolidin-2-one) is a synthetic racetam, built like piracetam on a 2-pyrrolidinone ring (PubChem CID 198695). Nippon Shinyaku researchers in Kyoto described it in the 1990s as NS-105, a cognition enhancer that modulates adenylate cyclase through metabotropic glutamate receptors in rat brain tissue (Oka et al., 1997).

Small moleculesSource-linked reference

FenbendazoleFenbendazole is a benzimidazole anthelmintic with a veterinary background. Its experimental anticancer literature is separate from demonstrated human cancer treatment.

Small moleculesPreclinical

Fitorine (GW-0742)GW0742 is a small-molecule PPARδ research agonist. The catalog's Fitorine name is a commercial label, not an independently established clinical identity or efficacy claim.

Small moleculesPreclinical

Fladrafinil (CRL-40,941)Fladrafinil, code CRL-40,941, is 2-[bis(4-fluorophenyl)methylsulfinyl]-N-hydroxyacetamide: adrafinil with a fluorine atom on each phenyl ring. It belongs to the modafinil family of wake-promoting compounds, and in volunteers it is converted to flmodafinil (CRL-40,940), its amide counterpart, much as adrafinil is converted to modafinil (Krug et al., 2026). Laboratoire L.

Small moleculesHuman studies

FocusXFocusX is a catalog formulation containing Choline Chloride, Acetyl-L-Carnitine, L-Carnosine.

Blends & formulationsComponent evidence

FOXO4-DRIFOXO4-DRI is a designed peptide investigated as a senolytic research tool. Its D-retro-inverso design is part of its identity; other FOXO4-derived sequences are not automatically equivalent.

PeptidesPreclinical

FuegoFuego is a catalog formulation containing Capsaicin, Synephrine HCl, Rauwolscine.

Blends & formulationsComponent evidence

GB-115GB-115 is N-(6-phenylhexanoyl)glycyl-L-tryptophan amide, a dipeptide analog of the endogenous tetrapeptide cholecystokinin-4 (CCK-4). It was designed at the V. V. Zakusov Institute of Pharmacology in Moscow as part of a dipeptide drug program that also produced Noopept (Gudasheva et al., 2018).

PeptidesHuman studies

GC-1 (Sobetirome)GC-1, also called sobetirome, is a synthetic thyroid-hormone-receptor agonist. It is distinct from other thyromimetics such as eprotirome and resmetirom.

Small moleculesLimited evidence

GHK-CuGHK-Cu (also written GHK Cu, or copper tripeptide-1) is a copper-binding tripeptide: glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine (Gly-His-Lys) holding a single copper ion in the copper(II) state. GHK was originally isolated from human plasma, where it co-purified with roughly equimolar copper, and the free peptide readily forms a complex with Cu(II) (Pickart et al., 1980; Maquart et al., 1988).

PeptidesPreclinical

GHK-Cu / KPVGHK-Cu / KPV is a catalog formulation containing GHK-Cu, KPV.

Blends & formulationsComponent evidence

GLOWGLOW is a three-peptide research blend: 50MG GHK-Cu, 10MG BPC-157 and 10MG TB-500, 70MG in total. GHK-Cu is a copper-binding tripeptide, BPC-157 is a synthetic 15-residue peptide, and TB-500 is a name tied to thymosin beta-4. No published study has tested the three together, so this guide keeps each finding with the component tested, names its model and links each component's full guide.

Blends & formulationsComponent evidence

GLOW PotionGLOW Potion is a catalog formulation containing GHK-Cu, NAD+, Glycerin, Hyaluronic Acid.

Blends & formulationsComponent evidence

GLP-1 SMA Disguised Alpha catalog label for incretin-pathway research. The name alone does not establish the exact molecular identity; confirm the compound and formulation from batch documentation before applying published findings.

PeptidesIdentity unresolved

GLP-2 TZA Disguised Alpha catalog label for incretin-pathway research. The name alone does not establish the exact molecular identity; confirm the compound and formulation from batch documentation before applying published findings.

PeptidesIdentity unresolved

GLP-3 RTA Disguised Alpha catalog label for incretin-pathway research. The name alone does not establish the exact molecular identity; confirm the compound and formulation from batch documentation before applying published findings.

PeptidesIdentity unresolved

GLP-4 MetatrutideGLP-4 Metatrutide is a catalog formulation containing GLP-3 RT, PEG-MGF.

Blends & formulationsComponent evidence

Gut RepairGut Repair is a catalog formulation containing BPC-157 Arginate Salt, KPV.

Blends & formulationsComponent evidence

HCGHuman chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) is a glycoprotein hormone made by placental syncytiotrophoblast cells (Cole, 2010). It pairs a 92-residue alpha subunit, almost identical to that of luteinizing hormone (LH), with a 145-residue beta subunit, and carries sugar chains at two alpha and six beta positions (Morgan et al., 1975).

Proteins & biologicalsSource-linked reference

HeliosXHeliosX is a catalog formulation containing Clen, Yohimbine.

Blends & formulationsComponent evidence

Hexarelin AcetateHexarelin is a synthetic growth hormone-releasing peptide (GHRP), a six-residue chain that makes the pituitary release growth hormone (GH). A 1994 rat study describes it as a GHRP analog in which tryptophan was replaced by the chemically more stable 2-methyl-tryptophan (Deghenghi et al., 1994), and a 1997 human study calls it a super-analog of GHRP-6 (Arvat et al., 1997).

PeptidesHuman studies

HGH Fragment 176-191HGH Fragment 176-191 (also written HGH Frag 176-191, hGH 176-191 or somatotropin 176-191) names a 16-residue peptide matching the last 16 amino acids of human growth hormone (hGH), residues 176 to 191. PubChem records the native sequence as FLRIVQCRSVEGSCGF, closed by a disulfide bond between its two cysteines (CID 16131230).

PeptidesPreclinical

HMGHuman menopausal gonadotropin, or menotropins, is a biological preparation characterized by FSH and LH activity rather than one sequence-defined molecule.

Proteins & biologicalsHuman studies

HumaninHumanin is a 24-amino-acid peptide, MAPRGFSCLLLLTSEIDLPVKRRA (PubChem CID 16131438), encoded by a short open reading frame in MT-RNR2, the mitochondrial gene for 16S ribosomal RNA (Bodzioch et al., 2009; Cobb et al., 2016).

PeptidesSource-linked reference

IGF1-LR3IGF-1 LR3 (also written IGF1 LR3, Long R3 IGF-I or LR3IGF-I) is a recombinant analog of human insulin-like growth factor I, built in Escherichia coli as a fusion peptide: the IGF-I sequence carries a 13-residue N-terminal extension, the first 11 amino acids of methionyl porcine growth hormone plus the dipeptide Val-Asn, and arginine replaces glutamate at position 3.

PeptidesPreclinical

IndolepropionamideIPAM, short for indolepropionamide or indole-3-propionamide, is a small indole amide: indole-3-propionic acid (IPA) with its carboxylic acid group replaced by an amide (PubChem CID 351791). IPA is a tryptophan metabolite made by gut bacteria (Wikoff et al., 2009); IPAM is a separate compound.

Small moleculesPreclinical

IpamorelinIpamorelin is a synthetic pentapeptide growth hormone secretagogue: Aib-His-D-2-Nal-D-Phe-Lys-NH2. It was described in 1998 as the first selective member of its class, releasing growth hormone through a secretagogue receptor rather than the growth hormone releasing factor receptor (Raun et al., 1998). The endogenous ligand of that receptor was identified a year later as ghrelin, an acylated peptide from the stomach (Kojima et al., 1999).

PeptidesHuman studies

IsotretinoinIsotretinoin is a retinoid used in pharmaceutical research and in specifically labeled oral medicines for severe recalcitrant nodular acne.

Small moleculesHuman studies

ITPPITPP (myo-inositol trispyrophosphate, also coded OXY111A) is a small synthetic molecule: a myo-inositol ring whose oxygens are closed into three cyclic pyrophosphate bridges. It is not a peptide and holds no amino acids.

Small moleculesHuman studies

J-147J-147, written J147 in most papers, is a synthetic small-molecule hydrazide from the Salk Institute group of Pamela Maher and David Schubert. Its designers started from curcumin and cyclohexyl-bisphenol A hybrids and chose J147 for potency across several cell assays of age-related nerve cell stress, not for action on one target (Chen et al., 2011).

Small moleculesSource-linked reference

KisspeptinKisspeptin is the common name for a family of peptides. They are cut from the protein made by the KISS1 gene. The gene was first described in melanoma cells as a metastasis suppressor. It was named KiSS-1 (Lee et al., 1996). Five years later, three groups found that its product is cut into peptides. These peptides activate the orphan receptor GPR54, now called KISS1R.

PeptidesHuman studies

KLOWKLOW is a four-component research blend supplied in a single lyophilized vial: 50MG GHK-Cu, 10MG BPC-157, 10MG TB-500 and 10MG KPV, 80MG in total. Each component has its own published literature, mostly from cell culture and rodent models.

Blends & formulationsComponent evidence

KPVKPV is the tripeptide Lys-Pro-Val. It is the last three residues of alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH). Alpha-MSH is a 13-residue peptide cut from proopiomelanocortin. Papers from the 1980s onward call KPV alpha-MSH(11-13) or the C-terminal tripeptide of alpha-MSH. Interest in the fragment began with fever studies. Rabbits were made febrile with leukocytic pyrogen. KPV was then given centrally or peripherally.

PeptidesPreclinical

KW-6356KW-6356 (INN sipagladenant) is a synthetic small molecule that acts at the adenosine A2A receptor. It blocks adenosine binding and also inhibits the receptor's constitutive (adenosine-independent) activity, so its developer, Kyowa Kirin, calls it an A2A antagonist/inverse agonist (Ohno et al., 2023).

Small moleculesSource-linked reference

KY-19382KY19382 is an indirubin-derived small molecule investigated in follicle biology and tissue repair. It is a signaling-pathway research compound, with evidence from cultured cells, isolated follicles and animal models.

Small moleculesPreclinical

L-CarnitineL-Carnitine, called levocarnitine in pharmaceutical labeling, is a naturally occurring metabolic molecule. It is distinct from acetyl-L-carnitine and other derivatives.

Cofactors & nutrientsHuman studies

L-GlutathioneGlutathione is a tripeptide. Its full name is gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteinyl-glycine. Its reduced form is written GSH. Nearly all eukaryotic cells contain it, as do many prokaryotes. In both, it occurs at millimolar concentrations. In animals, it is made in the cytosol (Oestreicher and Morgan, 2019). Glutathione is the low molecular weight thiol that cells make in the largest amount.

Cofactors & nutrientsSource-linked reference

L-THPL-THP (levo-tetrahydropalmatine, also written l-tetrahydropalmatine) is a tetrahydroprotoberberine isoquinoline alkaloid found in Corydalis and Stephania plants and in many traditional Chinese herbal preparations (Mantsch et al., 2007; Du et al., 2022). In the 1990s, Jin Bu Huan tablets containing it were linked to poisoning in children and hepatitis in adults (Horowitz et al., 1996).

Small moleculesSource-linked reference

LarazotideLarazotide is a synthetic peptide of eight amino acids, Gly-Gly-Val-Leu-Val-Gln-Pro-Gly, studied as a regulator of tight junctions, the seals between epithelial cells (Slifer et al., 2021a). Trials used its acetate salt, larazotide acetate, coded AT-1001 (Hoilat et al., 2022). It is described as structurally related to zonula occludens toxin (Zot), a Vibrio cholerae protein that opens tight junctions, and as an inhibitor of zonulin.

PeptidesSource-linked reference

LGD-4033LGD-4033 (Ligandrol) is a nonsteroidal selective androgen receptor modulator, or SARM, developed by Ligand Pharmaceuticals and later studied by Viking Therapeutics as VK5211 (Mohideen et al., 2023).

Small moleculesHuman studies

LimitlessLimitless is a catalog formulation containing Noopept, Sunifiram, Phenylpiracetam.

Blends & formulationsComponent evidence

LipoC & B-VitaminsLipoC & B-Vitamins is a catalog formulation containing L-Carnitine, Arginine, Methionine, Inositol, Choline, Dexpanthenol (Vitamin B5), Pyridoxine HCl (Vitamin B6), Cyanocobalamin (Vitamin B12).

Blends & formulationsComponent evidence

LipoX & NADHLipoX & NADH is a catalog formulation containing L-Carnitine, Methionine, Inositol, Choline, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, NADH.

Blends & formulationsComponent evidence

LL-37LL-37 is a 37-residue human cathelicidin peptide studied in host defense, inflammatory signaling and wound biology. Synthetic LL-37 has also been tested in specific topical clinical formulations.

PeptidesHuman studies

LovePrimeLovePrime is a catalog formulation containing Kisspeptin, Oxytocin, PT-141.

Blends & formulationsComponent evidence

MazdutideMazdutide is a peptide agonist of GLP-1 and glucagon receptors. Its research includes controlled clinical studies of body-weight and metabolic outcomes.

PeptidesHuman studies

Melanotan 1Melanotan-1 is associated with the NDP-alpha-MSH/afamelanotide peptide identity. The name alone does not establish equivalence to a particular pharmaceutical implant.

PeptidesHuman studies

Melanotan 2Melanotan II (also written melanotan 2, MT-II or MT2) is a synthetic cyclic heptapeptide analog of alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH): Ac-Nle-cyclo[Asp-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Lys]-NH2, with a lactam bridge between Asp and Lys and a C-terminal amide (PubChem CID 92432).

PeptidesHuman studies

Meldonium DihydrateMeldonium, also called mildronate, MET-88 or THP (3-(2,2,2-trimethylhydrazinium)propionate), is a synthetic compound that lowers tissue carnitine. A 1988 paper from the Institute of Organic Synthesis in Riga, Latvia, now the Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, described it as a novel inhibitor of gamma-butyrobetaine (GBB) hydroxylase, an enzyme of carnitine biosynthesis (Simkhovich et al., 1988).

Small moleculesHuman studies

MelloWellMelloWell is a catalog formulation containing DSIP, Pinealon.

Blends & formulationsComponent evidence

Methylated Vitamin B12The catalog uses “Methylated B12.” Methylcobalamin is the relevant methylated cobalamin in the cited literature; the precise catalog form still needs analytical confirmation.

Cofactors & nutrientsHuman studies

Methylene BlueMethylene blue, also called methylthioninium chloride, is a synthetic phenothiazinium dye. First made in 1876, it formed the basis of early antimalarial chemotherapy and later led to the neuroleptic phenothiazines, and its ready oxidation and reduction underlies much of its activity (Wainwright and Crossley, 2002). It was the first synthetic antimalarial, used in the late 19th and early 20th centuries (Lu et al., 2018).

Small moleculesSource-linked reference

Mexidol (Emoxypine Succinate)Mexidol (emoxypine succinate) is the succinic acid salt of emoxypine, 2-ethyl-6-methyl-3-hydroxypyridine, a synthetic 3-hydroxypyridine that a 2024 review describes as a derivative of vitamin B6.

Small moleculesHuman studies

MIC BlendMIC Blend is a catalog formulation containing Methionine, Inositol, Choline.

Blends & formulationsComponent evidence

Minoxidil / RU58841Minoxidil / RU58841 is a catalog formulation containing Minoxidil, RU58841.

Blends & formulationsComponent evidence

MirabegronMirabegron is a small synthetic molecule that activates the beta-3 adrenergic receptor. Its first published pharmacology, from a pharmaceutical research team in Japan in 2007, described it under the development code YM178 as a selective beta-3 agonist that relaxed rat and human bladder strips (Takasu et al., 2007).

Small moleculesHuman studies

Mitochonic Acid-5Mitochonic acid 5 (MA-5) is a small molecule investigated in mitochondrial dysfunction. Its evidence spans cellular and animal models plus an early healthy-volunteer clinical program.

Small moleculesHuman studies

MitoPrimeMitoPrime is a catalog formulation containing NAD+, MOTS-c, 5-Amino-1MQ.

Blends & formulationsComponent evidence

MitoXMitoX is a catalog formulation containing ATX-304, 5-Amino-1MQ.

Blends & formulationsComponent evidence

MK-677 (Ibutamoren)MK-677, also written MK677 or MK 677, is ibutamoren, an orally active, non-peptide growth hormone secretagogue developed by Merck as MK-0677 and L-163,191. Merck reported in 1995 that it raised growth hormone in dogs given it by mouth (Patchett et al., 1995).

Small moleculesHuman studies

MK777 (Acetamoren)MK777/Acetamoren is a catalog designation for which a traceable primary pharmacology dossier was not located in the literature searches used for this hub. The listing does not establish a unique chemical structure.

Unresolved identityIdentity unresolved

MOTS-cMOTS-c (mitochondrial open reading frame of the 12S rRNA type-c) is a 16-amino-acid peptide encoded inside the mitochondrial genome rather than the nuclear genome. It was identified in a short open reading frame within the mitochondrial 12S ribosomal RNA gene, and the founding report described it as a regulator of insulin sensitivity and metabolic homeostasis acting mainly on skeletal muscle (Lee et al., 2015).

PeptidesSource-linked reference

N-Acetyl-L-CysteineNAC is N-acetyl-L-cysteine, also written N-acetylcysteine or N-acetyl cysteine. Its drug name is acetylcysteine. It is the N-acetyl derivative of the amino acid L-cysteine, studied as an antioxidant and as a disulfide-breaking agent (Aldini et al., 2018). Its free thiol group reduces disulfide bonds in proteins, and the molecule is a source of cysteine for glutathione synthesis (Samuni et al., 2013).

Cofactors & nutrientsSource-linked reference

NAD+NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, oxidized form) is a dinucleotide coenzyme: an adenosine and a nicotinamide riboside joined through a diphosphate bridge (PubChem CID 5892). It contains no amino acids and is not a peptide.

Cofactors & nutrientsSource-linked reference

Neboglamine HClNeboglamine is a synthetic small molecule, (4S)-4-amino-5-[(4,4-dimethylcyclohexyl)amino]-5-oxopentanoic acid (PubChem CID 3074827). The earliest PubMed records describe it under the code CR 2249, from Rotta Research Laboratorium in Monza, Italy, as a compound selected from a series of glutamic acid derivatives (Garofalo et al., 1996; Lanza et al., 1997).

Small moleculesSource-linked reference

NefiracetamNefiracetam (N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-2-(2-oxopyrrolidin-1-yl)acetamide, research code DM-9384) is a synthetic racetam: the 2-(2-oxopyrrolidin-1-yl)acetamide core of piracetam with a 2,6-dimethylphenyl group on the amide nitrogen (PubChem CIDs 71157 and 4843). Daiichi Pharmaceutical researchers described it as a cyclic derivative of GABA (Watabe et al., 1993) and tested it in rat learning models (Sakurai et al., 1989).

Small moleculesHuman studies

NMNNMN (nicotinamide mononucleotide, or beta-NMN in its natural form) is a nucleotide built from nicotinamide, ribose and one phosphate group (PubChem CID 14180). It is the direct precursor of NAD+. In the salvage pathway, the enzyme NAMPT turns nicotinamide into NMN (Yoshino et al., 2011), and NMN adenylyltransferases (NMNATs) combine NMN with ATP to form NAD+ (Nikiforov et al., 2011).

Cofactors & nutrientsHuman studies

NoogutylThe catalog uses the spelling Noogutyl. The closely named literature compound is Nooglutyl/Nooglutil, but the listing does not provide enough structural or salt-form information to verify that they are identical.

Small moleculesIdentity unresolved

NoopeptNoopept (omberacetam, also coded GVS-111) is N-phenylacetyl-L-prolylglycine ethyl ester, a small synthetic dipeptide derivative. Scientists at the V. V. Zakusov Research Institute of Pharmacology in Moscow designed it as a dipeptide analog of piracetam (Gudasheva et al., 2018), and its major metabolite in rat brain is cycloprolylglycine, a cyclic dipeptide that also occurs there naturally (Gudasheva et al., 1997).

PeptidesHuman studies

NSI-189NSI-189 is a small synthetic molecule of the benzylpiperazine-aminopyridine type, not a peptide. The US company Neuralstem developed it as a neurogenic compound and supported its first trial in adults with major depressive disorder, which used the salt form NSI-189 phosphate (Fava et al., 2016).

Small moleculesHuman studies

OrforglipronOrforglipron is a nonpeptide small-molecule GLP-1 receptor agonist. It belongs to a different chemical class from injectable peptide GLP-1 agonists despite targeting the same receptor family.

Small moleculesHuman studies

Ostarine (MK-2866)Ostarine (MK-2866), also called enobosarm or GTx-024, is a nonsteroidal selective androgen receptor modulator, or SARM. GTx, Inc. took it into phase 3 trials for cancer-related muscle wasting and phase 2 trials for breast cancer and stress urinary incontinence (Narayanan et al., 2018).

Small moleculesSource-linked reference

OxiracetamOxiracetam (4-hydroxy-2-oxo-1-pyrrolidineacetamide) is a synthetic racetam: piracetam with a hydroxyl group on its pyrrolidinone ring. It has been studied since the 1980s in rodent memory models (Mondadori et al., 1986) and dementia trials (Maina et al., 1989). It is used clinically as a racemate; in a rat hypoperfusion model, its (S)-enantiomer, not the (R)-enantiomer, carried the activity (Li et al., 2017).

Small moleculesSource-linked reference

OxytocinOxytocin is a cyclic nonapeptide, a peptide hormone of nine amino acids. Neurons of the hypothalamic paraventricular and supraoptic nuclei make it, and the posterior pituitary releases it in response to stimuli such as suckling and parturition (Gimpl and Fahrenholz, 2001). A disulfide bridge between its two cysteines closes a six-residue ring with a three-residue tail (PubChem CID 439302).

PeptidesSource-linked reference

P-21P21, published as P021 or Peptide 021, is a small synthetic peptidomimetic derived from ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF). Khalid Iqbal's laboratory at the New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities found an active 11-residue CNTF fragment, Peptide 6, by epitope mapping.

PeptidesPreclinical

PE-22-28PE 22-28 is a shortened seven-amino-acid spadin analogue studied in potassium-channel and behavioral research. It is not interchangeable with full-length spadin or chemically modified derivatives.

PeptidesPreclinical

PEG-MGFPEG-MGF (PEGylated mechano growth factor) is a synthetic peptide based on the E-domain of mechano growth factor (MGF), with a polyethylene glycol (PEG) chain attached.

PeptidesPreclinical

PerformXPerformX is a catalog formulation containing NAD+, TMG, CDP Choline, NALT, L-Arginine, ATP, AMP.

Blends & formulationsComponent evidence

Phenibut HClPhenibut (beta-phenyl-GABA, 4-amino-3-phenylbutanoic acid) is a synthetic derivative of the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA with a phenyl ring on its beta carbon. Introduced into clinical practice in Russia in the 1960s, it acts mainly at GABA-B receptors, and baclofen is its para-chloro derivative (Lapin, 2001).

Small moleculesSource-linked reference

PhenylpiracetamPhenylpiracetam is a synthetic racetam. Its chemical name is 2-(2-oxo-4-phenylpyrrolidin-1-yl)acetamide. It is piracetam with a phenyl group on ring carbon 4. Its International Nonproprietary Name is fonturacetam. It is also called carphedon and 4-phenylpiracetam (PubChem CID 132441). A 1983 Russian paper called it a new phenyl analog of piracetam (Bobkov et al., 1983).

Small moleculesHuman studies

PinealonPinealon is the synthetic tripeptide Glu-Asp-Arg. Primary papers usually call it EDR. It is one of a series of short peptides created at the St Petersburg Institute of Bioregulation and Gerontology. These are studied as so-called peptide bioregulators. The group also includes epitalon (Ala-Glu-Asp-Gly), vesugen and testagen. This research program proposes that the peptide binds DNA and histone proteins directly, in a sequence-selective way.

PeptidesPreclinical

PiracetamPiracetam (2-oxo-1-pyrrolidineacetamide, research code UCB 6215, trade name Nootropil) is a synthetic compound, a 2-pyrrolidinone ring with an acetamide group on its nitrogen, and the first racetam. A 2001 Lancet review traces it to Corneliu Giurgea's research in the late 1960s and credits him with coining the word "nootropic" (Shorvon, 2001).

Small moleculesSource-linked reference

PP405PP405 is an investigational small molecule being developed for androgenetic alopecia. Its research program focuses on the metabolism of dormant hair-follicle stem cells. The catalog name refers to that program, but a commercial research liquid is not established as equivalent to the sponsor's clinical formulation.

Small moleculesHuman studies

PRL-8-53PRL-8-53 is an experimental small molecule investigated historically in human verbal-learning tasks. The existence of a human study does not make it an established cognitive-enhancement treatment.

Small moleculesHuman studies

ProExosome CreamProExosome Cream is a catalog formulation containing Momordica Charantia (Bitter Melon) Fruit Extract, Phospholipids, Niacinamide, 3-O-Ethyl Ascorbic Acid, Coenzyme Q10, Pullulan, Acetyl Octapeptide-3, Squalane, Rice Bran Oil, Grape Seed Oil, Rosehip Seed Oil, Sodium Hyaluronate, Glycerin.

Blends & formulationsComponent evidence

ProGlow CreamProGlow Cream is a catalog formulation containing GHK-Cu, SNAP-8, Snail mucin-derived matrix, Colloidal Oat PF, Jojoba, Squalane, L-Arginine, Hyaluronic Acid.

Blends & formulationsComponent evidence

ProPDRN CreamProPDRN Cream is a catalog formulation containing PDRN (Salmon DNA fragments), Rice Bran Oil, Grape Seed Oil, Sweet Almond Oil, Rosehip Seed Oil, Glycerin, Sodium Hyaluronate, Sodium PCA, Sodium Lactate, Amino Acid Blend, Niacinamide, Hydrolyzed Collagen, Acetyl Octapeptide-3.

Blends & formulationsComponent evidence

ProVigorousProVigorous is a catalog formulation containing L-Arginine, L-Citrulline, L-Carnitine, Methionine, Inositol, Choline, N-Acetyl-L-Tyrosine, ATP, AMP.

Blends & formulationsComponent evidence

ProViper CreamProViper Cream is a catalog formulation containing GHK-Cu, Syn-Ake, Snail mucin-derived matrix, Jojoba, Squalane, Vitamin E, L-Arginine, ManUp Moisturizer base.

Blends & formulationsComponent evidence

PT-141PT-141, also known as bremelanotide, is a synthetic cyclic heptapeptide. It is an analog of alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH). Its sequence is N-acetyl-Nle-Asp-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Lys. A lactam bond between Asp and Lys closes it into a ring. It ends in a free carboxylic acid (PubChem CID 9941379). It was created as an analog of melanotan II (Hadley and Dorr, 2006).

PeptidesHuman studies

RAD-140RAD-140 (RAD140), also called testolone and vosilasarm, is a nonsteroidal selective androgen receptor modulator, or SARM. Radius Health chemists described it in 2011 as a potent, orally bioavailable SARM (Miller et al., 2011). Its only clinical trial in PubMed is a phase 1 study in women with metastatic breast cancer (LoRusso et al., 2022).

Small moleculesHuman studies

RecoverWellRecoverWell is a catalog formulation containing Glutathione, Thymosin Alpha-1, Vilon.

Blends & formulationsComponent evidence

RecoverXRecoverX is a catalog formulation containing GABA, Melatonin, Arginine, Glutamine.

Blends & formulationsComponent evidence

SANA (MVD1)SANA is a nitroalkene derivative of salicylic acid, also called MVD1 in clinical development. It is a small molecule rather than a peptide and is being investigated in metabolic research.

Unresolved identityHuman studies

SelankSelank is a synthetic heptapeptide, Thr-Lys-Pro-Arg-Pro-Gly-Pro (PubChem CID 11765600). Its first four residues are the tetrapeptide tuftsin, followed by Pro-Gly-Pro (Semenova et al., 2008); tuftsin itself was first reported as a natural phagocytosis-stimulating peptide (Najjar and Nishioka, 1970).

PeptidesHuman studies

SeltorexantSeltorexant (development code JNJ-42847922) is a synthetic small molecule that blocks the orexin 2 receptor (OX2R), one of two receptors for the arousal-related orexin peptides (Yun et al., 2017). Janssen scientists characterized it in 2015 as a selective OX2R antagonist and clinical candidate for insomnia (Bonaventure et al., 2015).

Small moleculesSource-linked reference

SemaxSemax is a synthetic heptapeptide, Met-Glu-His-Phe-Pro-Gly-Pro, that joins the adrenocorticotropic hormone fragment ACTH(4-7) to a C-terminal Pro-Gly-Pro tripeptide (PubChem CID 9811102). The Pro-Gly-Pro tail affords increased resistance to peptidases, and the peptide is described as having no hormonal activity (Radchenko et al., 2025).

PeptidesHuman studies

Semax & SelankSemax & Selank is a catalog formulation containing Semax, Selank.

Blends & formulationsComponent evidence

Sermorelin AcetateSermorelin is the amidated 1–29 fragment of growth hormone-releasing hormone; the catalog specifies an acetate preparation.

PeptidesHuman studies

ShredXShredX is a catalog formulation containing L-Carnitine, MIC Blend, ATP, Albuterol, Vitamin B12.

Blends & formulationsComponent evidence

SildenafilSildenafil is a small-molecule phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor. Pharmaceutical tablets commonly contain its citrate salt.

Small moleculesHuman studies

SLU-PP-332SLU-PP-332 is a synthetic small molecule that switches on all three estrogen-related receptors, ERR alpha, ERR beta and ERR gamma: orphan nuclear receptors that control genes for mitochondrial biogenesis, oxidative phosphorylation and fatty acid oxidation. Chemists at Saint Louis University and the Center for Clinical Pharmacology built it from the older agonist GSK4716, adding a naphthalene group for potency at ERR alpha.

Small moleculesPreclinical

SLU-PP-332 & BAM15SLU-PP-332 & BAM15 is a catalog formulation containing SLU-PP-332, BAM15.

Blends & formulationsComponent evidence

SLU-PP-915SLU-PP-915 is a synthetic small molecule that activates all three estrogen-related receptors, ERR alpha, ERR beta and ERR gamma. It came from the same Saint Louis University and Center for Clinical Pharmacology program as SLU-PP-332, but from a different chemical family: a 2,5-disubstituted thiophene amide carrying a phenylboronic acid group rather than an acylhydrazone.

Small moleculesPreclinical

SNAP-8SNAP-8, also called acetyl octapeptide-3, is a synthetic peptide with the sequence Ac-Glu-Glu-Met-Gln-Arg-Arg-Ala-Asp-NH2. It belongs to a group of cosmetic-research peptides modeled on the N-terminal end of SNAP-25, a protein of the SNARE complex, which drives calcium-dependent release of neurotransmitter from vesicles.

PeptidesSource-linked reference

SR-9009SR-9009 (Stenabolic), also written SR9009 or SR 9009, is a synthetic small molecule that activates REV-ERBα and REV-ERBβ, nuclear receptors that repress core clock genes and link the circadian clock to metabolism.

Small moleculesPreclinical

SS-31SS-31 is a synthetic tetrapeptide of the Szeto-Schiller series. It is also written SS31, and its international nonproprietary name is elamipretide. Its sequence is D-Arg-Dmt-Lys-Phe-NH2, where Dmt is 2,6-dimethyltyrosine (PubChem CID 11764719). Its design motif alternates aromatic and basic residues. This gives the molecule a net positive charge. The motif also lets SS-31 cross cell membranes and concentrate in the inner mitochondrial membrane.

PeptidesSource-linked reference

SS-31 & 5-Amino-1MQSS-31 & 5-Amino-1MQ is a catalog formulation containing SS-31, 5-Amino-1MQ.

Blends & formulationsComponent evidence

SunifiramSunifiram (DM-235) is 1-(4-benzoylpiperazin-1-yl)propan-1-one, a synthetic piperazine compound studied as a cognition enhancer in rodents. A University of Florence group (Manetti, Ghelardini and colleagues) reported it in 2000 by simplifying the bicyclic series that produced unifiram (Manetti et al., 2000).

Small moleculesPreclinical

SuperXSuperX is a catalog formulation containing L-Arginine, L-Ornithine, L-Citrulline, L-Lysine, L-Glutamine, L-Proline, L-Taurine, L-Carnitine, N-Acetyl-L-Cysteine.

Blends & formulationsComponent evidence

SurvodutideSurvodutide, also designated BI 456906, is an investigational GLP-1/glucagon receptor dual agonist. Its clinical research includes obesity and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH).

PeptidesHuman studies

TadalafilTadalafil is a small-molecule PDE5 inhibitor. The catalog includes several formats whose exposures cannot be assumed equivalent.

Small moleculesHuman studies

TAK-653TAK-653 is a synthetic small molecule that acts as a positive allosteric modulator, or potentiator, of AMPA-type glutamate receptors. Takeda scientists found it in a screen for potentiators with low agonist activity (Suzuki et al., 2023) and reported that it binds the receptor in a glutamate-dependent way with minimal agonist effect of its own (Suzuki et al., 2021). Its international nonproprietary name is osavampator.

Small moleculesSource-linked reference

TB-500TB-500 (also written TB500 or TB 500) is a research name tied to thymosin beta-4, a 43-residue actin-binding peptide found throughout mammalian tissue (Philp et al., 2003). The name does not point to one molecule.

PeptidesHuman studies

TesamorelinTesamorelin is a synthetic 44-amino-acid analog of human growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH), the hypothalamic peptide that signals the pituitary to release growth hormone. It keeps the full human GHRH(1-44) sequence with a C-terminal amide and adds a trans-3-hexenoyl group to the N-terminal tyrosine.

PeptidesHuman studies

Tesamorelin & IpamorelinThe tesamorelin ipamorelin blend, often shortened to Tesa/Ipa, is a two-component research material supplied in a single lyophilized vial: 8MG tesamorelin and 2MG ipamorelin. The components act on growth hormone release through different receptors. Tesamorelin is a stabilized analog of growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH); ipamorelin is a synthetic pentapeptide secretagogue acting at the receptor whose natural ligand is ghrelin.

Blends & formulationsComponent evidence

TesofensineTesofensine, development code NS2330, is a synthetic small molecule built on a tropane ring that blocks the reuptake of dopamine, norepinephrine and serotonin (Li et al., 2025).

Small moleculesSource-linked reference

TestagenTestagen in this catalog denotes the tetrapeptide Lys-Glu-Asp-Gly (KEDG). Its most directly relevant evidence concerns short-peptide entry into cultured cells and interactions with nucleic-acid probes.

PeptidesPreclinical

ThymalinThymalin, also spelled timalin or thymaline, is not a single defined molecule. Primary papers describe it as a polypeptide preparation. It is made from calf thymus by mild acid extraction. Its creators called it a complex of peptides, not one compound (Morozov and Khavinson, 1997). Two short peptides are tied to that extract.

Proteins & biologicalsSource-linked reference

Thymosin Alpha-1Thymosin alpha-1 is also written thymosin alpha 1, Tα-1 or TA1 peptide. As a pharmaceutical substance, it is named thymalfasin. It is a 28-residue, N-terminally acetylated peptide. It was first isolated from calf thymus tissue and sequenced in 1977 (Goldstein et al., 1977). It is one part of a mixture once called thymosin fraction 5. The chemistry and biology of that fraction were studied.

PeptidesHuman studies

TP-508TP-508 (TP508, rusalatide) is a synthetic 23-amino-acid peptide matching amino acids 508 through 530 of human prothrombin, the precursor of thrombin (Norfleet et al., 2000). It represents part of thrombin's receptor-binding domain (Oyamada et al., 2010) but lacks the catalytic site, keeping the RGD (Arg-Gly-Asp) sequence (Tsopanoglou et al., 2004).

PeptidesHuman studies

TropisetronTropisetron (ICS 205-930) is a synthetic, indole-based small molecule, an ester of indole-3-carboxylic acid and tropine that joins an indole ring to a tropane group (Papke et al., 2005). It is a selective 5-HT3 receptor antagonist and also a potent partial agonist at alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (Macor et al., 2001).

Small moleculesHuman studies

TUDCA / S-Acetyl GlutathioneTUDCA / S-Acetyl Glutathione is a catalog formulation containing TUDCA, S-Acetyl Glutathione.

Blends & formulationsComponent evidence

UBT251 (Vistrutide)UBT251 is an investigational peptide that activates GLP-1, GIP and glucagon receptors. The catalog also uses the name Vistrutide; the cited primary trial reports the agent as UBT251 and does not independently establish that alias or a commercial product's identity.

PeptidesHuman studies

VesugenVesugen, also transliterated Vezugen, is a short peptide associated with vascular-cell research. The clinical record identifies lysyl-glutamyl-aspartic acid, commonly abbreviated KED.

PeptidesHuman studies

VIPVIP (vasoactive intestinal peptide), also written vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, is a 28-amino-acid neuropeptide. Said and Mutt isolated it from hog small intestine in 1970 and reported systemic vasodilation, a fall in blood pressure, increased cardiac output, respiratory stimulation and raised blood glucose (Said and Mutt, 1970).

PeptidesHuman studies

VitalXVitalX is a catalog formulation containing Niacinamide, Thiamine HCl, Pantothenic Acid, Choline, Inositol, Niacin, Biotin, Folic Acid, Riboflavin.

Blends & formulationsComponent evidence

Vitamin B6Vitamin B6 names a family of related vitamers, including pyridoxine, pyridoxal and pyridoxamine. The catalog label does not specify which molecular form is present.

Cofactors & nutrientsHuman studies

Vitamin CVitamin C is ascorbic acid, a small nutrient molecule with redox and enzyme-cofactor roles. The exact chemical form in a solution should be checked.

Cofactors & nutrientsHuman studies

WolverineWolverine is a two-component research blend supplied in a single lyophilized vial: 10MG BPC-157 and 10MG TB-500. Each component has its own published literature, almost all of it from cell culture and rodent models, and only one controlled experiment indexed in PubMed has tested the two together.

Blends & formulationsComponent evidence

Wolverine+Wolverine+ is a catalog formulation containing Cartalax, BPC-157, TB-500.

Blends & formulationsComponent evidence

Y-134Y134 is a raloxifene-derived selective estrogen receptor modulator investigated in receptor assays and rodent tissue models. It is a distinct molecule, not simply another formulation of raloxifene.

Small moleculesPreclinical

YK-11YK-11, also written YK11 or YK 11, is a synthetic steroid: (17α,20E)-17,20-[(1-methoxyethylidene)bis(oxy)]-3-oxo-19-norpregna-4,20-diene-21-carboxylic acid methyl ester. Researchers at Toho University in Japan reported in 2011 that it is a partial agonist of the androgen receptor that might act as a selective androgen receptor modulator, or SARM (Kanno et al., 2011).

Small moleculesPreclinical

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